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<p>As a new two-dimensional material, MXene exhibits both high electrical conductivity and thickness-dependent dielectric properties, offering a promising avenue for the design of plasmonic devices. Here, we propose a hybrid plasmon waveguide based on the MXene thin film integrated with a D-shaped optical fiber and investigate its mode characteristics by using the finite element method. The results show that strong subwavelength confinement and low propagation loss could be achieved. Notably, an optimal balance between strongly localized mode field and low loss could be achieved with a figure of merit over 10. Furthermore, the thickness of the MXene layer significantly influences the mode area. Finally, increasing the refractive index of the top material induces a wavelength redshift, highlighting the high sensitivity to environmental refractive index changes. These results are expected to contribute to the practical application of MXene in plasmonic waveguides and sensors.</p>

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Numerical Study of Hybrid Plasmon Waveguides Based on MXene Layers Loaded D-shaped Fiber

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Min Zhang,
  • Ruiqing Xue,
  • Yanan Zhong,
  • Huiyang Qiao,
  • Ronggai Qi,
  • Da Teng

摘要

As a new two-dimensional material, MXene exhibits both high electrical conductivity and thickness-dependent dielectric properties, offering a promising avenue for the design of plasmonic devices. Here, we propose a hybrid plasmon waveguide based on the MXene thin film integrated with a D-shaped optical fiber and investigate its mode characteristics by using the finite element method. The results show that strong subwavelength confinement and low propagation loss could be achieved. Notably, an optimal balance between strongly localized mode field and low loss could be achieved with a figure of merit over 10. Furthermore, the thickness of the MXene layer significantly influences the mode area. Finally, increasing the refractive index of the top material induces a wavelength redshift, highlighting the high sensitivity to environmental refractive index changes. These results are expected to contribute to the practical application of MXene in plasmonic waveguides and sensors.