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<p>In this paper, we theoretically investigate the refractive index changes of quantum rings with a Kratzer potential for inter-subband transition. The corresponding wave functions and energy levels were obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation based on the Nikiforov-Uvarov method, and the linear and nonlinear optical refractive index changes were calculated using the density matrix method and the iterative method. We have investigated the modulation of the refractive index changes by the depth of the confining potential, the parameters of the confining potential, and the incident light intensity of the quantum ring and have shown by numerical calculations that the change of different parameters has a significant effect on the refractive index changes of this quantum ring.</p>

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Linear and Nonlinear Optical Refractive Index Changes of Quantum Rings in the Kratzer Potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月20日

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  • Yueqing Zhang,
  • Xuechao Li,
  • Yawen Cai,
  • Xiaolong Yan,
  • Xinyu Li

摘要

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the refractive index changes of quantum rings with a Kratzer potential for inter-subband transition. The corresponding wave functions and energy levels were obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation based on the Nikiforov-Uvarov method, and the linear and nonlinear optical refractive index changes were calculated using the density matrix method and the iterative method. We have investigated the modulation of the refractive index changes by the depth of the confining potential, the parameters of the confining potential, and the incident light intensity of the quantum ring and have shown by numerical calculations that the change of different parameters has a significant effect on the refractive index changes of this quantum ring.