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<p>Arterial stenosis, or blood artery narrowing, is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases, which remain the leading cause of death. The intricate dynamics of blood flow via an artery with elliptical stenosis and subsequent post-stenotic dilatation are examined in this paper. The Cross–Williamson model is used, which treats blood as a non-Newtonian fluid, accurately captures its shear-thinning viscosity behavior, which is occasionally missed by more straightforward Newtonian models. The primary objective is to do a parametric analysis to assess how various parameters affect hemodynamic characteristics. The effect of several parameters, such as fluid behavior index (<i>n</i>) and relaxation time (<i>r</i>), on important hemodynamic properties, such as velocity profile, pressure distribution, temperature variation, shear rate, and heat flux, is simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Using the Cross–Williamson constitutive equation and mathematical manipulation of the arterial geometry, the governing equations are developed to describe the blood flow behavior. The finite element method (FEM), which splits the arteries into more manageable computational chunks using a normal mesh, is used to solve the modelled governing equations. By multiplying the governing PDEs with suitable test functions and then integrating over the domain, a weak formulation has been produced. The findings of this study shed insight on the potential impacts of stenosis and dilatation on blood flow patterns by identifying regions of high velocity and low pressure that may be involved in plaque formation and rupture. The findings indicate a significant pressure decrease over the stenotic zone and the degree of stenosis. The more severe the stenosis, the higher the velocities in the stenotic zone due to less cross sectional area. Also, the changing behavior of shear rate and heat flux profiles is shown for blood passing through severe stenosis. Additionally, for realistic simulations of blood flow in complex artery geometries, the study highlights the importance of using non-Newtonian models, like the Cross–Williamson model. To enhance comprehension of the hemodynamic parameter patterns across the artery, the results are shown visually.</p>

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Investigating Blood’s Shear-Thinning Effects While Flowing Through a Post-Stenotic Dilated Artery: A Cross–Williamson Model Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月26日

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  • Azad Hussain,
  • Muhammad Naveel Riaz Dar,
  • Arosha Iftikhar

摘要

Arterial stenosis, or blood artery narrowing, is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases, which remain the leading cause of death. The intricate dynamics of blood flow via an artery with elliptical stenosis and subsequent post-stenotic dilatation are examined in this paper. The Cross–Williamson model is used, which treats blood as a non-Newtonian fluid, accurately captures its shear-thinning viscosity behavior, which is occasionally missed by more straightforward Newtonian models. The primary objective is to do a parametric analysis to assess how various parameters affect hemodynamic characteristics. The effect of several parameters, such as fluid behavior index (n) and relaxation time (r), on important hemodynamic properties, such as velocity profile, pressure distribution, temperature variation, shear rate, and heat flux, is simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Using the Cross–Williamson constitutive equation and mathematical manipulation of the arterial geometry, the governing equations are developed to describe the blood flow behavior. The finite element method (FEM), which splits the arteries into more manageable computational chunks using a normal mesh, is used to solve the modelled governing equations. By multiplying the governing PDEs with suitable test functions and then integrating over the domain, a weak formulation has been produced. The findings of this study shed insight on the potential impacts of stenosis and dilatation on blood flow patterns by identifying regions of high velocity and low pressure that may be involved in plaque formation and rupture. The findings indicate a significant pressure decrease over the stenotic zone and the degree of stenosis. The more severe the stenosis, the higher the velocities in the stenotic zone due to less cross sectional area. Also, the changing behavior of shear rate and heat flux profiles is shown for blood passing through severe stenosis. Additionally, for realistic simulations of blood flow in complex artery geometries, the study highlights the importance of using non-Newtonian models, like the Cross–Williamson model. To enhance comprehension of the hemodynamic parameter patterns across the artery, the results are shown visually.