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<p>Eu<sup>3+</sup>-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanophosphors were synthesized using the co-precipitation method and characterized for structural, optical, and thermoluminescent (TL) properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the anatase phase with crystallite sizes ranging from 19.47 to 28.05&#xa0;nm. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed a redshift on doping Eu<sup>3+</sup> which causes a decrease in the optical band gap from 3.73&#xa0;eV (pure TiO<sub>2</sub>) to 3.44&#xa0;eV (Eu-doped samples) as defect states introduced by europium ions. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the structural integrity and vibrational modifications induced by Eu<sup>3+</sup> doping. Thermoluminescence studies exhibited a prominent glow peak at 287&#xa0;°C for TiO<sub>2</sub> doped with 3&#xa0;mol % Eu<sup>3+</sup>, with quenching at higher doping levels due to the saturation of trapping centres. The activation energy of TL glow peaks is calculated using peak shape methods, ranging from 0.732 to 0.818&#xa0;eV, indicating the presence of deep trap levels. The frequency factor varied between 2.78 × 10<sup>7</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup> and 1.68 × 10<sup>8</sup>&#xa0;s<sup>−1</sup>, suggesting a thermally stable trapping mechanism. The relatively low activation energy highlights the potential of Eu<sup>3+</sup>-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> as a rapid-response sensor material, suitable for radiation dosimetry and optoelectronic applications. These findings demonstrate that controlled Eu<sup>3+</sup> doping can enhance the luminescence efficiency and thermal stability of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanophosphors, making them promising candidates for advanced sensing and display application.</p>

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Thermal, Optical, and Structural Properties of Eu3+-Doped TiO2 Nanophosphors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月17日

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  • Nand Kumar Shante,
  • Aastha Sahu,
  • Mohan Awasthi,
  • Pankaj Kumar Mishra,
  • R. P. Patel

摘要

Eu3+-doped TiO2 nanophosphors were synthesized using the co-precipitation method and characterized for structural, optical, and thermoluminescent (TL) properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the anatase phase with crystallite sizes ranging from 19.47 to 28.05 nm. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed a redshift on doping Eu3+ which causes a decrease in the optical band gap from 3.73 eV (pure TiO2) to 3.44 eV (Eu-doped samples) as defect states introduced by europium ions. Raman and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the structural integrity and vibrational modifications induced by Eu3+ doping. Thermoluminescence studies exhibited a prominent glow peak at 287 °C for TiO2 doped with 3 mol % Eu3+, with quenching at higher doping levels due to the saturation of trapping centres. The activation energy of TL glow peaks is calculated using peak shape methods, ranging from 0.732 to 0.818 eV, indicating the presence of deep trap levels. The frequency factor varied between 2.78 × 107 s−1 and 1.68 × 108 s−1, suggesting a thermally stable trapping mechanism. The relatively low activation energy highlights the potential of Eu3+-doped TiO2 as a rapid-response sensor material, suitable for radiation dosimetry and optoelectronic applications. These findings demonstrate that controlled Eu3+ doping can enhance the luminescence efficiency and thermal stability of TiO2 nanophosphors, making them promising candidates for advanced sensing and display application.