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Background <p>Calcium sulfide (CaS) nanoparticles are emerging luminescent materials with potential applications in optoelectronics and cancer therapeutics. Surface modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) enhances their stability, dispersibility, and biocompatibility, making them suitable for biomedical use.</p> Methods <p>PEG-capped CaS nanoparticles were synthesized via a solvothermal method at three different temperatures. Structural and morphological characteristics were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical properties were investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. Crystallite size was estimated using the Debye–Scherrer equation. The optical bandgap was determined from Tauc plots. Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was assessed using the MTT assay after 24 and 48&#xa0;h incubation time.</p> Results <p>The XRD results revealed well-crystallized cubic CaS nanoparticles with average crystallite sizes ranging from 32 to 38&#xa0;nm. The SEM images showed a transition from flake-shaped to nearly spherical morphology with increasing synthesis temperature. The PL emission spectra exhibited broad peaks from 350 to 580&#xa0;nm, which were attributed to intrinsic point defects in the CaS host lattice. The samples prepared at 150&#xa0;°C demonstrated superior structural and optical properties, with the highest bandgap of 4.94&#xa0;eV. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using the MTT assay revealed a significant reduction in cell viability with increasing nanoparticle concentrations, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 114&#xa0;µg/mL after 48&#xa0;h of incubation time.</p> Conclusion <p>PEG-capped CaS nanoparticles synthesized via solvothermal processing exhibit desirable structural, morphological, and luminescent properties, along with notable cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells. These findings support their potential utility in optoelectronic devices and nanomedicine, particularly as promising candidates for anticancer applications.</p>

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Solvothermal synthesis and anticancer potential of PEG-capped CaS nanoparticles against MCF-7 breast cancer cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • S. Rekha,
  • M. Amith Kumar,
  • V. G. Sreeja,
  • C. Sivakumar

摘要

Background

Calcium sulfide (CaS) nanoparticles are emerging luminescent materials with potential applications in optoelectronics and cancer therapeutics. Surface modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) enhances their stability, dispersibility, and biocompatibility, making them suitable for biomedical use.

Methods

PEG-capped CaS nanoparticles were synthesized via a solvothermal method at three different temperatures. Structural and morphological characteristics were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical properties were investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. Crystallite size was estimated using the Debye–Scherrer equation. The optical bandgap was determined from Tauc plots. Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was assessed using the MTT assay after 24 and 48 h incubation time.

Results

The XRD results revealed well-crystallized cubic CaS nanoparticles with average crystallite sizes ranging from 32 to 38 nm. The SEM images showed a transition from flake-shaped to nearly spherical morphology with increasing synthesis temperature. The PL emission spectra exhibited broad peaks from 350 to 580 nm, which were attributed to intrinsic point defects in the CaS host lattice. The samples prepared at 150 °C demonstrated superior structural and optical properties, with the highest bandgap of 4.94 eV. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using the MTT assay revealed a significant reduction in cell viability with increasing nanoparticle concentrations, with an IC50 value of 114 µg/mL after 48 h of incubation time.

Conclusion

PEG-capped CaS nanoparticles synthesized via solvothermal processing exhibit desirable structural, morphological, and luminescent properties, along with notable cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells. These findings support their potential utility in optoelectronic devices and nanomedicine, particularly as promising candidates for anticancer applications.