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<p>Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya continue to pose major global public health challenges, aggravated by increased insecticide resistance and ecological concerns related to synthetic products. Seaweeds (marine macroalgae) are promising sources of secondary metabolites with diverse mosquitocidal properties. This review examines the diversity, chemical composition, and biological effects of seaweed-derived compounds, including phlorotannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and halogenated derivatives, on mosquito vectors like <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>, and <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>. These compounds exhibit ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, inducing oxidative stress, disrupting hormonal balance, and causing tissue deterioration. Nanoparticle-based formulations further enhance the delivery and efficacy of seaweed-derived mosquitocidal compounds. The review discusses the potential integration of these compounds into integrated mosquito management (IMM) programs, including their ecological safety, non-target impacts, and biodegradability. Despite promising laboratory results, obstacles remain in standardizing extraction techniques, isolating compounds, obtaining regulatory permission, and implementing large-scale programs in the field. Future directions prioritize mechanistic validation, synergistic formulations, and uniform risk assessment frameworks to facilitate commercialization. This research highlights the potential of seaweed metabolites as eco-sustainable biopesticides, advocating for their integration into future mosquito control efforts.</p>

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Marine macroalgal metabolites in integrated mosquito-management: bioactivity, nanotechnology integration, and eco-sustainability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Aravinth Annamalai,
  • Maruthanayagam Veerabadhran,
  • Prabhu Kolandhasamy,
  • Sasikumar Ravi

摘要

Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya continue to pose major global public health challenges, aggravated by increased insecticide resistance and ecological concerns related to synthetic products. Seaweeds (marine macroalgae) are promising sources of secondary metabolites with diverse mosquitocidal properties. This review examines the diversity, chemical composition, and biological effects of seaweed-derived compounds, including phlorotannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and halogenated derivatives, on mosquito vectors like Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. These compounds exhibit ovicidal, larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, inducing oxidative stress, disrupting hormonal balance, and causing tissue deterioration. Nanoparticle-based formulations further enhance the delivery and efficacy of seaweed-derived mosquitocidal compounds. The review discusses the potential integration of these compounds into integrated mosquito management (IMM) programs, including their ecological safety, non-target impacts, and biodegradability. Despite promising laboratory results, obstacles remain in standardizing extraction techniques, isolating compounds, obtaining regulatory permission, and implementing large-scale programs in the field. Future directions prioritize mechanistic validation, synergistic formulations, and uniform risk assessment frameworks to facilitate commercialization. This research highlights the potential of seaweed metabolites as eco-sustainable biopesticides, advocating for their integration into future mosquito control efforts.