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Objective <p>Antibiotic resistance is a significant health issue that continues to rise, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. There is an urgent need to propose alternative strategies to combat the spread of antibiotic resistance. Nanoparticles are one such method that showed promising effects on MDR bacteria.</p> Methods <p>In this study, MDR bacteria inhabiting wastewater were isolated and treated with different nanoparticles. Bacterial susceptibility was tested against a panel of antibiotics, followed by identification of those showed resistance to at least three different classes of antibiotics were further analysed and identified. The selected MDR bacterial isolates were treated with three nanoparticles (Ag NPs, TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, and ZnO NPs) by broth microdilution method.</p> Results <p>The study findings indicated that 73% of the isolates showed resistance to different classes of antibiotics. Nine MDR isolates were identified, which included three <i>E. coli</i> strains, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>P. putida</i>, two <i>A. veronii</i> strains, <i>E. faecalis</i>, and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. Ag NPs showed the highest inhibition rates against all the bacterial isolates, particularly at a concentration of 1.0&#xa0;mg/mL. Growth inhibition increased significantly with concentration of Ag NPs. The lowest MIC was 0.5&#xa0;mg/ml of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs against <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>A. veronii-2</i> strain, and 0.25&#xa0;mg/ml of ZnO against <i>E. coli-3</i> strain.</p> Conclusion <p>In conclusion, the screening of wastewater indicated the presence of a wide range of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Nanoparticles showed remarkable antibacterial activity, allowing them to be a promising alternative to antibiotics that hold promise in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.</p>

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Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs, TiO2 NPs, and ZnO NPs against wastewater-derived multidrug-resistant bacteria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Sakina Mustafa,
  • Alia Mustafa,
  • Qamar Abbas,
  • Muhammad Nauman Zahid

摘要

Objective

Antibiotic resistance is a significant health issue that continues to rise, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. There is an urgent need to propose alternative strategies to combat the spread of antibiotic resistance. Nanoparticles are one such method that showed promising effects on MDR bacteria.

Methods

In this study, MDR bacteria inhabiting wastewater were isolated and treated with different nanoparticles. Bacterial susceptibility was tested against a panel of antibiotics, followed by identification of those showed resistance to at least three different classes of antibiotics were further analysed and identified. The selected MDR bacterial isolates were treated with three nanoparticles (Ag NPs, TiO2 NPs, and ZnO NPs) by broth microdilution method.

Results

The study findings indicated that 73% of the isolates showed resistance to different classes of antibiotics. Nine MDR isolates were identified, which included three E. coli strains, K. pneumoniae, P. putida, two A. veronii strains, E. faecalis, and Streptococcus spp. Ag NPs showed the highest inhibition rates against all the bacterial isolates, particularly at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Growth inhibition increased significantly with concentration of Ag NPs. The lowest MIC was 0.5 mg/ml of TiO2 NPs against E. faecalis and A. veronii-2 strain, and 0.25 mg/ml of ZnO against E. coli-3 strain.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the screening of wastewater indicated the presence of a wide range of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Nanoparticles showed remarkable antibacterial activity, allowing them to be a promising alternative to antibiotics that hold promise in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.