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Objective <p>To mitigate the health risks of lunar dust toxicity to astronauts during future lunar missions, understanding the biodistribution of its primary component, silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>), is crucial. This study examined the short-term behavior of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle (SiO<sub>2</sub>-NP) in biological systems using male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were divided into control, high-dose, and low-dose groups.</p> Methods <p>The rats were divided into control, high-dose, and low-dose groups. The experimental groups received a single intratracheal instillation of SiO<sub>2</sub>-NP. Blood, lungs, spleen, liver, and kidney samples were collected at designated time points post-exposure. Toxicokinetics (TK) and biodistribution of SiO<sub>2</sub>-NP were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).</p> Results <p>Results showed a dose-dependent behavior of SiO<sub>2</sub>-NP in the body. In the high-dose group, SiO<sub>2</sub>-NP accumulated mainly in the lungs with slower absorption and excretion, leading to prolonged retention. The low-dose group showed faster systemic distribution and excretion, with higher initial excretion rates. SiO<sub>2</sub>-NP distribution varied dynamically over time, initially concentrating in the lungs and then spreading to the liver, kidneys, spleen, and heart. Urinary excretion data indicated primary elimination through the kidneys, with more efficient excretion in the low-dose group.</p> Conclusion <p>The findings suggest that slow clearance of SiO<sub>2</sub>-NP in the high-dose group may increase toxicity risk, while the low-dose group exhibits quicker distribution and excretion, albeit with potential systemic toxicity risks. This study highlights the short-term biodistribution of SiO<sub>2</sub>-NP, providing key insights into its potential risks and supporting further research on lunar dust toxicity.</p>

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Short-term distribution and toxicokinetics of silica nanoparticles administered via intratracheal instillation in rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Jintao Wang,
  • Zheng Ma,
  • Bin Wan,
  • Xinguang Cui

摘要

Objective

To mitigate the health risks of lunar dust toxicity to astronauts during future lunar missions, understanding the biodistribution of its primary component, silicon dioxide (SiO2), is crucial. This study examined the short-term behavior of SiO2 nanoparticle (SiO2-NP) in biological systems using male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were divided into control, high-dose, and low-dose groups.

Methods

The rats were divided into control, high-dose, and low-dose groups. The experimental groups received a single intratracheal instillation of SiO2-NP. Blood, lungs, spleen, liver, and kidney samples were collected at designated time points post-exposure. Toxicokinetics (TK) and biodistribution of SiO2-NP were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Results

Results showed a dose-dependent behavior of SiO2-NP in the body. In the high-dose group, SiO2-NP accumulated mainly in the lungs with slower absorption and excretion, leading to prolonged retention. The low-dose group showed faster systemic distribution and excretion, with higher initial excretion rates. SiO2-NP distribution varied dynamically over time, initially concentrating in the lungs and then spreading to the liver, kidneys, spleen, and heart. Urinary excretion data indicated primary elimination through the kidneys, with more efficient excretion in the low-dose group.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that slow clearance of SiO2-NP in the high-dose group may increase toxicity risk, while the low-dose group exhibits quicker distribution and excretion, albeit with potential systemic toxicity risks. This study highlights the short-term biodistribution of SiO2-NP, providing key insights into its potential risks and supporting further research on lunar dust toxicity.