<p>Environmental and public health are significantly impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs. Due to their intrinsic characteristics including hydrophobicity, thermostability, and heterocyclic aromatic ring structures, PAHs are extremely persistent and resistant in the atmosphere. PAH pollution have been reported that having harmful effects on living forms like mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and immunotoxicity. Effective implementation of remediation measures and regulations requires a thorough understanding of their complex functions, exposure pathways, and potential health concerns. PAHs have a variety of configurations and are distinguished by their toxicity and the presence of two or more aromatic rings. They are frequently found as dangerous environmental contaminants and by-products due to their lipophilicity and exceptional endurance. PAHs are mostly found in polluted food, water, and soil, and they can enter the body through the skin, food, or air. Long-term exposure enhances the risk of heart and lung damage, breathing difficulties, and asthma-like symptoms, while short-term effects include eye irritation, nausea, and vomiting. Additionally, bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease might get worse in cities with high levels of PAHs. Thus, this chapter addresses the main sources of PAH emissions, source of exposure, and the harmful effects on humans, the various methods currently used to remove them, and the paths that need to be taken for further efforts in this field.</p>