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Object <p>This study aimed to determine the effects of chlorpyrifos and lindane on the roots of Cambray onion (<i>Allium fistulosum</i>).</p> Methods <p>We assessed growth, the mitotic index (MI), the development of nuclear abnormalities (NA), the expression of POLD1 and CDC2 genes (key components of DNA replication, repair, and cell cycle progression), and oxidative stress. Onion roots were first grown for 24&#xa0;h in distilled water; then, they were exposed for 72&#xa0;h to three concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0.1, 1, and 10&#xa0;μg/L) and lindane (100, 300, and 500&#xa0;μg/L).</p> Results <p>The results indicated significant differences from the controls, showing lower MI and higher NA in treatments with either pesticide. Lindane exposure led to increased expression of POLD1 and CDC2, while chlorpyrifos exposure resulted in increased expression of CDC2 but not POLD1. The findings of oxidative stress biomarkers indicate significant differences between the controls and the roots treated with either pesticide, accompanied by increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation.</p> Conclusion <p>The combination of traditional microscopy-based results in the <i>Allium</i> sp. test, along with the evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers and the expression of genes involved in DNA duplication and repair, indicated that exposure to chlorpyrifos and lindane, pesticides commonly found in Yucatan groundwater, is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and induces oxidative stress. In the case of chlorpyrifos, the concentrations tested in this study are lower than the limits allowed for drinking water in Mexican regulations. They are close to levels detected in groundwater.</p>

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Effect of chlorpyrifos and lindane in root cells of Allium fistulosum: Genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Eunice Danilú Couoh-Puga,
  • María Concepción Gómez-Maldonado,
  • Karla Susana Escalante-Herrera,
  • Erick Antonio Osorio-Mendoza,
  • Gissela Moreno-Ortiz,
  • Elsa Noreña-Barroso,
  • Julian L. Wissner,
  • Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes

摘要

Object

This study aimed to determine the effects of chlorpyrifos and lindane on the roots of Cambray onion (Allium fistulosum).

Methods

We assessed growth, the mitotic index (MI), the development of nuclear abnormalities (NA), the expression of POLD1 and CDC2 genes (key components of DNA replication, repair, and cell cycle progression), and oxidative stress. Onion roots were first grown for 24 h in distilled water; then, they were exposed for 72 h to three concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) and lindane (100, 300, and 500 μg/L).

Results

The results indicated significant differences from the controls, showing lower MI and higher NA in treatments with either pesticide. Lindane exposure led to increased expression of POLD1 and CDC2, while chlorpyrifos exposure resulted in increased expression of CDC2 but not POLD1. The findings of oxidative stress biomarkers indicate significant differences between the controls and the roots treated with either pesticide, accompanied by increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation.

Conclusion

The combination of traditional microscopy-based results in the Allium sp. test, along with the evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers and the expression of genes involved in DNA duplication and repair, indicated that exposure to chlorpyrifos and lindane, pesticides commonly found in Yucatan groundwater, is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and induces oxidative stress. In the case of chlorpyrifos, the concentrations tested in this study are lower than the limits allowed for drinking water in Mexican regulations. They are close to levels detected in groundwater.