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<p>This study investigates how governance moderates the relationship between globalization, economic complexity, terrorism, and energy efficiency in 26 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2021. Using a panel vector autoregression model estimated through the generalized method of moments (GMM-PVAR), the findings reveal that governance and globalization exert positive long-run effects on energy efficiency, whereas economic complexity reduces efficiency, reflecting an energy-intensive rather than innovation-driven structural transformation. Impulse response results show that shocks to governance and globalization enhance efficiency, while shocks to economic complexity have the opposite effect. Importantly, governance significantly moderates the impact of terrorism: energy efficiency improves following terrorism shocks only where institutional quality is stronger, indicating a governance-driven resilience mechanism. Granger causality tests further identify dynamic feedback between energy efficiency, governance, and terrorism. These results underscore the centrality of institutional quality in shaping sustainable energy transitions in the region. Policy implications highlight the need to strengthen governance systems, deploy resilient and decentralized clean-energy infrastructure in conflict-prone areas, and integrate energy–security planning. The study offers actionable guidance for advancing SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), emphasizing that strong governance is indispensable for achieving sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p>

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Achieving energy efficiency and sustainable development through governance: evidence from the globalization–economic complexity–terrorism nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Busra Agan Celik,
  • Stephen Obinozie Ogwu,
  • Chukwuemeka Valentine Okolo

摘要

This study investigates how governance moderates the relationship between globalization, economic complexity, terrorism, and energy efficiency in 26 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2021. Using a panel vector autoregression model estimated through the generalized method of moments (GMM-PVAR), the findings reveal that governance and globalization exert positive long-run effects on energy efficiency, whereas economic complexity reduces efficiency, reflecting an energy-intensive rather than innovation-driven structural transformation. Impulse response results show that shocks to governance and globalization enhance efficiency, while shocks to economic complexity have the opposite effect. Importantly, governance significantly moderates the impact of terrorism: energy efficiency improves following terrorism shocks only where institutional quality is stronger, indicating a governance-driven resilience mechanism. Granger causality tests further identify dynamic feedback between energy efficiency, governance, and terrorism. These results underscore the centrality of institutional quality in shaping sustainable energy transitions in the region. Policy implications highlight the need to strengthen governance systems, deploy resilient and decentralized clean-energy infrastructure in conflict-prone areas, and integrate energy–security planning. The study offers actionable guidance for advancing SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), emphasizing that strong governance is indispensable for achieving sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa.