<p>The globe is facing innumerable ecological crises, one of which is ecosystem degradation. Protecting existing biodiversity-rich regions along with restoration of ecosystems that have been compromised becomes a very important concern. Indigenous peoples have the potential to play an important role in ecosystem restoration as their territories include most of the remaining global biodiversity. Their traditional landscape management system intimately connects their territorial rights and customary norms to biodiversity conservation. The present paper investigates the landscape management system of the indigenous Khasi community of Meghalaya through the community rules that govern access to and use of forest, agricultural, and water resources. Despite being situated in different geo-environments and practicing different food production systems, the rules governing landscape management in the selected communities are quite similar to each other, and their aim is to balance conservation and sustainable harvesting. However, the system has evolved along with the challenges. This includes a shift in the political economy and changes in the land tenure system, causing degradation in some areas, while remaining adaptable in others. The goal in both cases, however, remains the same—to preserve the environment and biodiversity. The system’s future depends on its response to intensifying challenges and on how conservation initiatives integrate with traditional governance systems and the contextual ecological knowledge underlying landscape and community rules.</p>