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<p>Environmental pressures and hazards, including droughts and climate change (CC), pose serious threats to agricultural and rural sectors. Reducing rural vulnerability requires fostering adaptation, particularly through climate-adaptive entrepreneurship for sustainable livelihoods. This study examines the determinants of rural people’s intention to engage in entrepreneurial adaptation to CC (IEEACC) in Mazandaran province, using a hybrid model that combines Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP), with emphasis on psychological and cognitive structures. A survey of rural communities was conducted, and data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS. Results show that environmental attitude had the strongest effect on IEEACC (path coefficient = 0.312, t-value = 5.326). Together, environmental attitude, threat appraisal, and coping appraisal explained approximately 50% of the variance in IEEACC. These findings underscore the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in shaping climate-adaptive entrepreneurship. Based on these insights, policy implications include strengthening environmental attitudes and risk awareness, improving rural knowledge and skills, and using extension services to promote adaptive entrepreneurship. Practical recommendations include prioritizing rural tourism entrepreneurship, identified by local communities as the most climate-resilient business option, to empower rural households, strengthen economic resilience, and integrate multiple stakeholders into the tourism value chain. Furthermore, the establishment of risk and crisis management systems, supported through insurance mechanisms and subsidies, alongside the provision of smart information services and enhanced agricultural extension and training, is recommended to promote adaptive strategies and equip farmers with the skills required for climate-resilient agriculture.</p>

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Climate change adaptation through rural entrepreneurship: A pathway to sustainable livelihoods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Fatemeh Razzaghi Borkhani,
  • Bagher Khaleghi,
  • Taher Azizi-Khalkheili,
  • Zobeyde Kouchaky

摘要

Environmental pressures and hazards, including droughts and climate change (CC), pose serious threats to agricultural and rural sectors. Reducing rural vulnerability requires fostering adaptation, particularly through climate-adaptive entrepreneurship for sustainable livelihoods. This study examines the determinants of rural people’s intention to engage in entrepreneurial adaptation to CC (IEEACC) in Mazandaran province, using a hybrid model that combines Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP), with emphasis on psychological and cognitive structures. A survey of rural communities was conducted, and data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS. Results show that environmental attitude had the strongest effect on IEEACC (path coefficient = 0.312, t-value = 5.326). Together, environmental attitude, threat appraisal, and coping appraisal explained approximately 50% of the variance in IEEACC. These findings underscore the importance of psychological and cognitive factors in shaping climate-adaptive entrepreneurship. Based on these insights, policy implications include strengthening environmental attitudes and risk awareness, improving rural knowledge and skills, and using extension services to promote adaptive entrepreneurship. Practical recommendations include prioritizing rural tourism entrepreneurship, identified by local communities as the most climate-resilient business option, to empower rural households, strengthen economic resilience, and integrate multiple stakeholders into the tourism value chain. Furthermore, the establishment of risk and crisis management systems, supported through insurance mechanisms and subsidies, alongside the provision of smart information services and enhanced agricultural extension and training, is recommended to promote adaptive strategies and equip farmers with the skills required for climate-resilient agriculture.