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<p>Women comprise more than 50% of Bangladesh’s population, yet their role in mainstreaming environmental sustainability is not adequately addressed. Against this backdrop, this research investigates the effects of gender on environmental pollution, with special importance on the environmental impacts of human capital, employing an “environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)” context. We use annual data from 1990 to 2021 and the “Autoregressive Distributed Lag” approach, which is also authenticated by the “Fully Modified Least Squares” and “Canonical Cointegrating Regression” estimations. The findings indicate that the gender development score for women has a positive impact on environmental pollution, suggesting that the gender development agenda may not adequately prioritize environmental mainstreaming. Education plays a mediating role in pollution control. Income growth exacerbates pollution, while squared-income growth mitigates it; thus, the EKC hypothesis remains valid for Bangladesh. The findings have implications for policymakers to educate people and create environmental awareness among them, as well as among mainstream individuals, particularly women, to promote environmental literacy.</p>

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Does gender influence the environment in Bangladesh? The contribution of human capital to environmental promotion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Md. Saiful Islam,
  • Umama Baida,
  • Tahir Akhtar

摘要

Women comprise more than 50% of Bangladesh’s population, yet their role in mainstreaming environmental sustainability is not adequately addressed. Against this backdrop, this research investigates the effects of gender on environmental pollution, with special importance on the environmental impacts of human capital, employing an “environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)” context. We use annual data from 1990 to 2021 and the “Autoregressive Distributed Lag” approach, which is also authenticated by the “Fully Modified Least Squares” and “Canonical Cointegrating Regression” estimations. The findings indicate that the gender development score for women has a positive impact on environmental pollution, suggesting that the gender development agenda may not adequately prioritize environmental mainstreaming. Education plays a mediating role in pollution control. Income growth exacerbates pollution, while squared-income growth mitigates it; thus, the EKC hypothesis remains valid for Bangladesh. The findings have implications for policymakers to educate people and create environmental awareness among them, as well as among mainstream individuals, particularly women, to promote environmental literacy.