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Background <p>India has one of the world’s largest burdens of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by early age of onset, high rates of undiagnosed disease, and increased cardiometabolic risk. Early identification and intervention are essential to reduce long-term complications.</p> Methods <p>This position statement integrates national epidemiological data, international evidence, and expert clinical perspectives to provide India-specific recommendations for screening, diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of prediabetes and T2DM.</p> Results <p>Universal screening from 30&#xa0;years of age and targeted screening for high-risk individuals are recommended using fasting plasma glucose, OGTT, HbA1c, and validated risk scores such as the Indian Diabetes Risk Score. Prediabetes should be managed with phenotype-based risk stratification and early cardiovascular risk assessment. Lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of care, including weight reduction, dietary optimization, physical activity, and community-based interventions. Metformin is recommended for high-risk individuals, while SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists may be considered in selected populations. For established T2DM, metformin remains first-line therapy with early combination treatment and individualized pharmacotherapy.</p> Conclusion <p>Strengthening primary care, improving awareness, expanding access to preventive services, and integrating digital health tools are critical to reducing the growing burden of diabetes and its complications in India.</p>

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Position statement on pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Anuj Maheshwari,
  • Rakesh Parikh,
  • Vijay Vishwanathan,
  • Sunil Gupta,
  • Aravinda Jagdeesha,
  • N. K. Singh,
  • Anil K. Virmani,
  • Manoj Chawla,
  • Pratap Jethwani,
  • Dinesh Agarwal,
  • Lotika Purohit,
  • Purvi Chawla,
  • Ajoy Tewari,
  • Narayan Deogaonkar,
  • Manohar KN,
  • Amit K. Gupta,
  • Arvind Gupta,
  • Jayant Panda,
  • Narsingh Verma,
  • Sanjay Agarwal,
  • G. Vijaykumar,
  • Rajesh Kesari,
  • Jothydev Kesavadev,
  • Braj Kishore Singh,
  • B. M. Makkar,
  • Banshi Saboo,
  • Rajeev Chawla

摘要

Background

India has one of the world’s largest burdens of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by early age of onset, high rates of undiagnosed disease, and increased cardiometabolic risk. Early identification and intervention are essential to reduce long-term complications.

Methods

This position statement integrates national epidemiological data, international evidence, and expert clinical perspectives to provide India-specific recommendations for screening, diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of prediabetes and T2DM.

Results

Universal screening from 30 years of age and targeted screening for high-risk individuals are recommended using fasting plasma glucose, OGTT, HbA1c, and validated risk scores such as the Indian Diabetes Risk Score. Prediabetes should be managed with phenotype-based risk stratification and early cardiovascular risk assessment. Lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of care, including weight reduction, dietary optimization, physical activity, and community-based interventions. Metformin is recommended for high-risk individuals, while SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists may be considered in selected populations. For established T2DM, metformin remains first-line therapy with early combination treatment and individualized pharmacotherapy.

Conclusion

Strengthening primary care, improving awareness, expanding access to preventive services, and integrating digital health tools are critical to reducing the growing burden of diabetes and its complications in India.