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Background <p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) poses a major public health burden in Southeast Asia due to poor glycemic control, limited patient education, and medication safety concerns. Pharmacists are increasingly involved in patient-centered care to address these challenges.</p> Objective <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of pharmacist-led interventions on clinical and non-clinical outcomes in outpatients with T2DM across Southeast Asian countries.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive search using Publish or Perish was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Crossref, and Google Scholar for studies published since 2005. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials or quasi-experiments involving adult T2DM patients receiving pharmacist-led care compared to usual care.</p> Results <p>Fourteen studies from six countries met the criteria. Meta-analysis showed significant reductions in HbA1c (MD = -0.65%, 95% CI: -0.97 to -0.33) and fasting blood glucose (MD = -1.98&#xa0;mmol/L, 95% CI: -2.68 to -1.28), along with improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (MD = -4.42 and -2.22&#xa0;mmHg, respectively). Non-clinical outcomes also improved: medication adherence (SMD = 1.35), diabetes knowledge (SMD = 1.24), and quality of life (SMD = 0.36), all with <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01. Drug-related problems were significantly reduced (SMD = -0.30). However, no significant effects were found for lipid profiles or BMI.</p> Conclusion <p>Pharmacist-led interventions in Southeast Asia significantly improve glycemic control, adherence, knowledge, quality of life, and medication safety in T2DM patients. These findings support integrating pharmacists into outpatient diabetes care, particularly in resource-limited settings.</p>

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Pharmacist-led interventions for optimizing type 2 diabetes mellitus management and medication safety in Southeast Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Made Krisna Adi Jaya,
  • Fita Rahmawati,
  • Nanang Munif Yasin,
  • Zullies Ikawati

摘要

Background

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) poses a major public health burden in Southeast Asia due to poor glycemic control, limited patient education, and medication safety concerns. Pharmacists are increasingly involved in patient-centered care to address these challenges.

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of pharmacist-led interventions on clinical and non-clinical outcomes in outpatients with T2DM across Southeast Asian countries.

Methods

A comprehensive search using Publish or Perish was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Crossref, and Google Scholar for studies published since 2005. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials or quasi-experiments involving adult T2DM patients receiving pharmacist-led care compared to usual care.

Results

Fourteen studies from six countries met the criteria. Meta-analysis showed significant reductions in HbA1c (MD = -0.65%, 95% CI: -0.97 to -0.33) and fasting blood glucose (MD = -1.98 mmol/L, 95% CI: -2.68 to -1.28), along with improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (MD = -4.42 and -2.22 mmHg, respectively). Non-clinical outcomes also improved: medication adherence (SMD = 1.35), diabetes knowledge (SMD = 1.24), and quality of life (SMD = 0.36), all with p < 0.01. Drug-related problems were significantly reduced (SMD = -0.30). However, no significant effects were found for lipid profiles or BMI.

Conclusion

Pharmacist-led interventions in Southeast Asia significantly improve glycemic control, adherence, knowledge, quality of life, and medication safety in T2DM patients. These findings support integrating pharmacists into outpatient diabetes care, particularly in resource-limited settings.