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<b>Background</b> <p>The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) gene has emerged as a pivotal player in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.</p> <b>Objective</b> <p>This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the PPARγ gene, its functions, its polymorphic association with diabetes mellitus and other associated complications, and its role in the response to antidiabetic drugs.</p> <b>Methods</b> <p>A narrative comprehensive review was conducted using peer-reviewed literatures on PPARγ which were published during 2015 to 2025. Relevant studies were retrieved from databases including Pubmed, Scopus, World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and were considered in our studies.</p> <b>Results</b> <p>PPARγ is a nuclear receptor that modulates gene expression upon binding to specific ligands, primarily thiazolidinediones (TZDs). These ligands have been extensively used as antidiabetic drugs due to their ability to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. However, genetic variations in the PPARγ gene can influence drug response and efficacy, leading to variations in therapeutic outcomes.</p> <b>Conclusion</b> <p>This review explored the molecular mechanisms of PPARγ, its role in diabetes, and the interplay between genetic variations and drug response. A deeper understanding of these interactions holds the potential to personalize antidiabetic therapies based on an individual's genetic makeup.</p>

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Molecular insights into PPAR-γ: genetic variations exploring association with diabetes and related complications and their role in antidiabetic drug response— A comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Sunaina Gautam,
  • Shivani Kumari,
  • Deepika Misra,
  • Naveen Kumar Gautam

摘要

Background

The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) gene has emerged as a pivotal player in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.

Objective

This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the PPARγ gene, its functions, its polymorphic association with diabetes mellitus and other associated complications, and its role in the response to antidiabetic drugs.

Methods

A narrative comprehensive review was conducted using peer-reviewed literatures on PPARγ which were published during 2015 to 2025. Relevant studies were retrieved from databases including Pubmed, Scopus, World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and were considered in our studies.

Results

PPARγ is a nuclear receptor that modulates gene expression upon binding to specific ligands, primarily thiazolidinediones (TZDs). These ligands have been extensively used as antidiabetic drugs due to their ability to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. However, genetic variations in the PPARγ gene can influence drug response and efficacy, leading to variations in therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusion

This review explored the molecular mechanisms of PPARγ, its role in diabetes, and the interplay between genetic variations and drug response. A deeper understanding of these interactions holds the potential to personalize antidiabetic therapies based on an individual's genetic makeup.