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Background <p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of pregnancy and may occur in any trimester. Asian Indian women are at particularly high risk due to genetic predisposition, rising obesity, and early β-cell dysfunction. Early and repeated screening is essential.</p> Objectives <p>To determine trimester-wise prevalence of GDM using the DIPSI single-test procedure and to identify differential risk factors associated with development across trimesters.</p> Methods <p>A prospective cohort of 480 pregnant women was screened at 12–16, 24–28, and 32–36&#xa0;weeks using DIPSI (2-h plasma glucose ≥ 140&#xa0;mg/dL). Risk factors were assessed, and chi-square, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.</p> Results <p>GDM prevalence was 18.7% (<i>n</i> = 90). GDM occurred in 20 (4.17%) first, 36 (7.5%) second, and 34 (7.08%) third trimester. Early GDM strongly associated with BMI ≥ 28.8&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>, PCOS, family history of diabetes, maternal history of GDM, and primigravida age &gt; 28. Late GDM associated mainly with BMI &gt; 27.</p> Conclusion <p>High-risk women require immediate first-trimester screening. Universal third-trimester screening is essential as 7% developed GDM despite prior normal tests.</p>

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Screening and differential risk factor’s assessment in development of gestational diabetes mellitus in different trimesters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Rajeev Chawla,
  • Shalini Jaggi,
  • Chahat Jaggi,
  • Yejoor Chawla,
  • Shubhaa Chawla,
  • Aastha Chawla Trehan

摘要

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders of pregnancy and may occur in any trimester. Asian Indian women are at particularly high risk due to genetic predisposition, rising obesity, and early β-cell dysfunction. Early and repeated screening is essential.

Objectives

To determine trimester-wise prevalence of GDM using the DIPSI single-test procedure and to identify differential risk factors associated with development across trimesters.

Methods

A prospective cohort of 480 pregnant women was screened at 12–16, 24–28, and 32–36 weeks using DIPSI (2-h plasma glucose ≥ 140 mg/dL). Risk factors were assessed, and chi-square, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.

Results

GDM prevalence was 18.7% (n = 90). GDM occurred in 20 (4.17%) first, 36 (7.5%) second, and 34 (7.08%) third trimester. Early GDM strongly associated with BMI ≥ 28.8 kg/m2, PCOS, family history of diabetes, maternal history of GDM, and primigravida age > 28. Late GDM associated mainly with BMI > 27.

Conclusion

High-risk women require immediate first-trimester screening. Universal third-trimester screening is essential as 7% developed GDM despite prior normal tests.