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Objective <p>This study aimed to assess the predictive capability of a combination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and plasma exosomal miRNAs in determining the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the first trimester.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study involving randomly recruited 193 pregnant women based on exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected at 10–14&#xa0;weeks of gestation for analysis of miR-16-5p, miR-29a-3p, and FPG levels. The pregnant women were categorized into 60 GDM cases and 103 without GDM, based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test performed between 24 and 28&#xa0;weeks of pregnancy, and excluded 30 cases. The predictive values of miR-16-5p, miR-29a-3p, and FPG for GDM were assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Three databases, miRDB, TargetScan, and miRWalk, were used to predict the functions of target genes miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p.</p> Results <p>The areas under the curve (AUC) of FPG, plasma exosomal miR-16-5p, and miR-29a-3p in predicting GDM were 0.698, 0.743, and 0.727, respectively. Combining the three factors resulted in an AUC of 0.874, with a sensitivity of 0.867 and specificity of 0.767. The selected miRNAs, miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p, were significantly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and glucose homeostasis, involved in the P53 signaling pathway in GDM.</p> Conclusion <p>The combination of FPG with miRNAs demonstrated a larger AUC, along with higher sensitivity and specificity in predicting GDM.</p>

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Predicting gestational diabetes mellitus early: insights from biochemical and molecular predictors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Ting Zhang,
  • Chunxia Li,
  • Ying Zhang,
  • Chunmin Ji,
  • Huan Huang

摘要

Objective

This study aimed to assess the predictive capability of a combination of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and plasma exosomal miRNAs in determining the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the first trimester.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving randomly recruited 193 pregnant women based on exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected at 10–14 weeks of gestation for analysis of miR-16-5p, miR-29a-3p, and FPG levels. The pregnant women were categorized into 60 GDM cases and 103 without GDM, based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy, and excluded 30 cases. The predictive values of miR-16-5p, miR-29a-3p, and FPG for GDM were assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Three databases, miRDB, TargetScan, and miRWalk, were used to predict the functions of target genes miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p.

Results

The areas under the curve (AUC) of FPG, plasma exosomal miR-16-5p, and miR-29a-3p in predicting GDM were 0.698, 0.743, and 0.727, respectively. Combining the three factors resulted in an AUC of 0.874, with a sensitivity of 0.867 and specificity of 0.767. The selected miRNAs, miR-16-5p and miR-29a-3p, were significantly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and glucose homeostasis, involved in the P53 signaling pathway in GDM.

Conclusion

The combination of FPG with miRNAs demonstrated a larger AUC, along with higher sensitivity and specificity in predicting GDM.