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Background <p>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is multifactorial in origin. Pathogenesis of T1DM involves destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by autoantibodies. The data on disease-causing autoantibodies is sparse in Indian children.</p> Objective <p>This study primarily aims to study the profile of autoantibodies causing T1DM.</p> Methods <p>It is a cross-sectional study involving 74 T1DM children from age 1 to 18 years, with less than 4 years of duration of T1DM. Antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase-65 (GADA-65), zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8A), insulinoma-associated protein – 2 (IA-2A), islet cell (ICA), and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) were estimated by the ELISA method. DKA at the onset of T1DM was correlated with autoantibody positivity. Early morning serum sample was investigated for TSH and T4 levels by the CLIA method to detect hypothyroidism and correlated with autoantibody positivity.</p> Result <p>Autoantibodies were detected in 41 (55.4%). IAA was positive in 25 (33.8%), ZnT8 in 21 (28.4%), IA-2A in 19 (25.7%), GADA-65 in 4 (5.4%), and ICA was not detected. Three antibodies were present in 9 (12.2%), two antibodies in 10 (13.5%), and one antibody in 22 (29.7%). Fifty-four (72.9%) had DKA onset of T1DM. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 8.1%. There was no statistical significance between autoantibody positivity and DKA or hypothyroidism.</p> Conclusion <p>The prevalence of autoantibodies in T1DM children from Southern India is 55.4%. DKA as the onset of T1DM was present in 72.9%. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 8.1%. There is no correlation between autoantibody positivity and DKA or hypothyroidism.</p>

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Profile of auto-antibodies and its correlation with DKA and hypothyroidism in type 1 diabetes mellitus children— A cross-sectional study from Southern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Hemapriya T. C.,
  • Sujata M. Jali,
  • Preeti Maste,
  • Mallikarjun V. Jali

摘要

Background

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is multifactorial in origin. Pathogenesis of T1DM involves destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by autoantibodies. The data on disease-causing autoantibodies is sparse in Indian children.

Objective

This study primarily aims to study the profile of autoantibodies causing T1DM.

Methods

It is a cross-sectional study involving 74 T1DM children from age 1 to 18 years, with less than 4 years of duration of T1DM. Antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase-65 (GADA-65), zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8A), insulinoma-associated protein – 2 (IA-2A), islet cell (ICA), and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) were estimated by the ELISA method. DKA at the onset of T1DM was correlated with autoantibody positivity. Early morning serum sample was investigated for TSH and T4 levels by the CLIA method to detect hypothyroidism and correlated with autoantibody positivity.

Result

Autoantibodies were detected in 41 (55.4%). IAA was positive in 25 (33.8%), ZnT8 in 21 (28.4%), IA-2A in 19 (25.7%), GADA-65 in 4 (5.4%), and ICA was not detected. Three antibodies were present in 9 (12.2%), two antibodies in 10 (13.5%), and one antibody in 22 (29.7%). Fifty-four (72.9%) had DKA onset of T1DM. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 8.1%. There was no statistical significance between autoantibody positivity and DKA or hypothyroidism.

Conclusion

The prevalence of autoantibodies in T1DM children from Southern India is 55.4%. DKA as the onset of T1DM was present in 72.9%. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 8.1%. There is no correlation between autoantibody positivity and DKA or hypothyroidism.