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Background <p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presents a rising challenge in maternal health, particularly among Asian Indian women who show heightened susceptibility to early glucose dysregulation. Increasing evidence indicates that hyperglycaemia may manifest earlier, in the first trimester, defined as early GDM (eGDM) and may be missed if screening is delayed until 24–28 weeks.</p> Objective <p>To evaluate the prevalence and clinical profile of eGDM using DIPSI criteria before 12 weeks of gestation in Asian Indian women, and to assess its association with metabolic and obstetric risk factors.</p> Methods <p>In this dual-centre cross-sectional study, 750 pregnant women presenting before 12 weeks underwent DIPSI testing. A 2-h post-load glucose ≥ 140 mg/dL was diagnostic of eGDM. Fasting glucose and HbA1c were measured to exclude overt diabetes. Demographic, biochemical, and obstetric risk factors were compared between women with and without eGDM.</p> Results <p>Of 750 women screened, 93 (12.4%) were diagnosed with eGDM. Compared to non-eGDM women (<i>n</i> = 657), eGDM participants were older (32.2 ± 3.5 vs. 29.8 ± 4.2 years), had higher BMI (29.1 ± 2.8 vs. 26.5 ± 3.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), fasting glucose (90.2 ± 7.3 vs. 87.5 ± 10.2 mg/dL), and post-load glucose (146 ± 18.0 vs. 132 ± 16.5 mg/dL). HbA1c was marginally higher (5.5% vs. 5.3%). High-risk history was significantly more prevalent in the eGDM group: family diabetes (51.6% vs. 22.8%), prior GDM (25.8% vs. 4.6%), PCOS (19.3% vs. 8.2%), and bad obstetric history (22.5% vs. 9.1%).</p> Conclusion <p>Our study demonstrates a significant burden of eGDM among Asian Indian women, with diagnosis feasible as early as 8–9&#xa0;weeks gestation. First-trimester DIPSI screening offers a practical, cost-effective method for early intervention, especially in high-risk populations.</p>

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Early gestational diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian women: Insights from a dual-centre using first trimester DIPSI screening

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Shalini Jaggi,
  • Rajeev Chawla,
  • Chahat Jaggi,
  • Yejoor Chawla,
  • Shubhaa Chawla

摘要

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) presents a rising challenge in maternal health, particularly among Asian Indian women who show heightened susceptibility to early glucose dysregulation. Increasing evidence indicates that hyperglycaemia may manifest earlier, in the first trimester, defined as early GDM (eGDM) and may be missed if screening is delayed until 24–28 weeks.

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence and clinical profile of eGDM using DIPSI criteria before 12 weeks of gestation in Asian Indian women, and to assess its association with metabolic and obstetric risk factors.

Methods

In this dual-centre cross-sectional study, 750 pregnant women presenting before 12 weeks underwent DIPSI testing. A 2-h post-load glucose ≥ 140 mg/dL was diagnostic of eGDM. Fasting glucose and HbA1c were measured to exclude overt diabetes. Demographic, biochemical, and obstetric risk factors were compared between women with and without eGDM.

Results

Of 750 women screened, 93 (12.4%) were diagnosed with eGDM. Compared to non-eGDM women (n = 657), eGDM participants were older (32.2 ± 3.5 vs. 29.8 ± 4.2 years), had higher BMI (29.1 ± 2.8 vs. 26.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2), fasting glucose (90.2 ± 7.3 vs. 87.5 ± 10.2 mg/dL), and post-load glucose (146 ± 18.0 vs. 132 ± 16.5 mg/dL). HbA1c was marginally higher (5.5% vs. 5.3%). High-risk history was significantly more prevalent in the eGDM group: family diabetes (51.6% vs. 22.8%), prior GDM (25.8% vs. 4.6%), PCOS (19.3% vs. 8.2%), and bad obstetric history (22.5% vs. 9.1%).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates a significant burden of eGDM among Asian Indian women, with diagnosis feasible as early as 8–9 weeks gestation. First-trimester DIPSI screening offers a practical, cost-effective method for early intervention, especially in high-risk populations.