Background <p>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, and genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. The CAT-262 C/T polymorphism has been suggested to influence DN risk by affecting oxidative stress levels. Variants in the catalase (CAT) gene can influence enzyme activity, leading to alterations in oxidative stress defense mechanisms. This disruption may result in increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and.</p> Objective <p>This study aims to assess the association between the functional CAT-262 C/T polymorphism in the promoter region of the catalase gene and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) within a suburban population of Mumbai, India.</p> Methods <p>This study aims to assess the association between the functional CAT-262 C/T polymorphism in the promoter region of the catalase gene and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) within a suburban population of Mumbai, India. Blood samples from 210 patients were collected for biochemical analysis and genotyping of the catalase gene using ARMS PCR.</p> Results <p>Preliminary findings indicate elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin and creatinine in diabetic patients with DN compared to those without DN. A significant correlation was observed between increased levels of these biomarkers and the presence of the TT homozygous genotype at the catalase gene promoter region.</p> Conclusion <p>Statistical analysis further suggests that individuals with the TT homozygous genotype are at a higher risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.</p>