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Background <p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major ocular complication of diabetes mellitus. The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is valuable in predicting diabetic complications.</p> Objective <p>The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between HGI and DR.</p> Methods <p>We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2020. We calculated HGI by subtracting predicted HbA1c values from actual HbA1c values, as well as data on DR through questionnaires. This study was analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), threshold effects, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses.</p> Results <p>A total of 2198 participants were included. There was a significant positive association between HGI and DR after accounting for potential confounders (OR, 1.137; 95% CI, 1.043–1.240; <i>p</i> = 0.0037). Compared with the T1 group (− 7.046–0.525&#xa0;g/L), the fully adjusted OR for the T3 group (0.176–9.213&#xa0;g/L) was 1.660 (95% CI, 1.273–2.164; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). A nonlinear relationship was observed between HGI level and DR (<i>p</i> = 0.002) with an inflection point of − 1.064&#xa0;g/L.</p> Conclusion <p>HGI was nonlinearly associated with DR with an inflection point of − 1.064&#xa0;g/L. HGI was positively associated with DR when the HGI value ≥ − 1.064&#xa0;g/L was present.</p>

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Association of hemoglobin glycation index and diabetic retinopathy results from NHANES

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • Ning Feng,
  • Guang-Jie Cheng,
  • Shun-Feng Zhao,
  • Lin-Jun Du,
  • Ning Guo,
  • Na Zhang

摘要

Background

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major ocular complication of diabetes mellitus. The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is valuable in predicting diabetic complications.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between HGI and DR.

Methods

We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2020. We calculated HGI by subtracting predicted HbA1c values from actual HbA1c values, as well as data on DR through questionnaires. This study was analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), threshold effects, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses.

Results

A total of 2198 participants were included. There was a significant positive association between HGI and DR after accounting for potential confounders (OR, 1.137; 95% CI, 1.043–1.240; p = 0.0037). Compared with the T1 group (− 7.046–0.525 g/L), the fully adjusted OR for the T3 group (0.176–9.213 g/L) was 1.660 (95% CI, 1.273–2.164; p < 0.001). A nonlinear relationship was observed between HGI level and DR (p = 0.002) with an inflection point of − 1.064 g/L.

Conclusion

HGI was nonlinearly associated with DR with an inflection point of − 1.064 g/L. HGI was positively associated with DR when the HGI value ≥ − 1.064 g/L was present.