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<p>Food-waste (FW) valorization is an important component of the circular bioeconomy. This review summarizes studies on microbial community dynamics in three FW conversion routes, such as anaerobic digestion (AD), fermentation, and composting, and links operating conditions to process performance and product outcomes. A PRISMA-guided search was conducted, and studies applying high-throughput sequencing (16&#xa0;S rRNA amplicons and shotgun metagenomics) in combination with metabolite measurements were compared. In AD, hydrolytic and acidogenic consortia dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidota shift toward methanogenic networks containing Euryarchaeota; pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time, and inoculum source are the main drivers of this transition. In fermentation, early lactic-acid bacteria are replaced by Clostridia and chain-elongating taxa as pH and temperature increase, enabling control of volatile fatty-acid spectra. In composting, communities progress from mesophilic <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> to thermophilic <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Ureibacillus</i>, and finally to Actinobacteriota-rich maturation phases; moisture, aeration, and C/N ratio govern stability and pathogen reduction. Across systems, pH and temperature determine the selection of functional guilds, feedstock heterogeneity and salinity influence community assembly, and microbial indicators can signal process health. Practical applications include multi-stage anaerobic digestion, controlled pH or temperature shifts in fermentation, maintaining thermophilic phases in composting, use of tailored inocula, and targeted recovery of biogas, volatile fatty acids, and mature compost.</p>

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A short review on microbial ecology of food-waste valorization: insights from anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and composting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Chandrashekhar Parab,
  • Vimalkumar Prajapati,
  • Kunwar D. Yadav

摘要

Food-waste (FW) valorization is an important component of the circular bioeconomy. This review summarizes studies on microbial community dynamics in three FW conversion routes, such as anaerobic digestion (AD), fermentation, and composting, and links operating conditions to process performance and product outcomes. A PRISMA-guided search was conducted, and studies applying high-throughput sequencing (16 S rRNA amplicons and shotgun metagenomics) in combination with metabolite measurements were compared. In AD, hydrolytic and acidogenic consortia dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidota shift toward methanogenic networks containing Euryarchaeota; pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time, and inoculum source are the main drivers of this transition. In fermentation, early lactic-acid bacteria are replaced by Clostridia and chain-elongating taxa as pH and temperature increase, enabling control of volatile fatty-acid spectra. In composting, communities progress from mesophilic Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas to thermophilic Bacillus and Ureibacillus, and finally to Actinobacteriota-rich maturation phases; moisture, aeration, and C/N ratio govern stability and pathogen reduction. Across systems, pH and temperature determine the selection of functional guilds, feedstock heterogeneity and salinity influence community assembly, and microbial indicators can signal process health. Practical applications include multi-stage anaerobic digestion, controlled pH or temperature shifts in fermentation, maintaining thermophilic phases in composting, use of tailored inocula, and targeted recovery of biogas, volatile fatty acids, and mature compost.