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<p>Interest in waste-to-energy technologies, especially the co-pyrolysis of biomass, food, and plastic waste, has grown as a result of the world’s significant increases in waste production and energy demand. In this study, energy-rich biofuel and value-added chemicals were recovered from waste materials. The feedstocks used were fish waste, sugarcane bagasse, and waste plastics. The plastics included polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These wastes were collected from commercial, agricultural, and residential sectors. The experiments were carried out with the motive of producing more pyrolysis liquid by blending fish waste with waste plastics (FWP) and sugarcane bagasse with waste plastics (SBP) in equal proportions in a fixed bed reactor under different operating temperatures between 350&#xa0;°C and 550&#xa0;°C. The maximum oil product yields for the pyrolysis of FWP were 52.0 wt%, while the maximum oil product yields for the pyrolysis of SBP were 54.7 wt% at 450&#xa0;°C and 500&#xa0;°C, respectively. Prior to the pyrolysis experiments, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the selected feedstock materials were conducted at different temperatures, clearly distinguishing their pyrolysis behavior. The heating value of pyrolysis oil products produced under favorable conditions was higher than that of oil produced by biomass pyrolysis. However, further treatments were essential to be used as liquid fuel. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were used to examine the effects of various combinations on product characterization. The existence of several aromatic and aliphatic chemicals was shown by the characterization analysis of the pyrolysis liquid made from mixed plastics. The results provided practical solutions for effectively using waste materials, especially fish, agricultural, and plastic wastes, to enhance the substance and quality of products.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable waste-to-energy technologies: blending waste plastics as co-pyrolysis feed for fishery and agricultural wastes towards biofuel production and their characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • P. Madhu,
  • Sujit Kumar,
  • R. E. Ugandar,
  • P. Harichandra Prasad,
  • R. Vijayakumar,
  • M. Shunmugasundaram,
  • T. Vijay Muni,
  • V. Porkodi

摘要

Interest in waste-to-energy technologies, especially the co-pyrolysis of biomass, food, and plastic waste, has grown as a result of the world’s significant increases in waste production and energy demand. In this study, energy-rich biofuel and value-added chemicals were recovered from waste materials. The feedstocks used were fish waste, sugarcane bagasse, and waste plastics. The plastics included polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These wastes were collected from commercial, agricultural, and residential sectors. The experiments were carried out with the motive of producing more pyrolysis liquid by blending fish waste with waste plastics (FWP) and sugarcane bagasse with waste plastics (SBP) in equal proportions in a fixed bed reactor under different operating temperatures between 350 °C and 550 °C. The maximum oil product yields for the pyrolysis of FWP were 52.0 wt%, while the maximum oil product yields for the pyrolysis of SBP were 54.7 wt% at 450 °C and 500 °C, respectively. Prior to the pyrolysis experiments, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the selected feedstock materials were conducted at different temperatures, clearly distinguishing their pyrolysis behavior. The heating value of pyrolysis oil products produced under favorable conditions was higher than that of oil produced by biomass pyrolysis. However, further treatments were essential to be used as liquid fuel. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were used to examine the effects of various combinations on product characterization. The existence of several aromatic and aliphatic chemicals was shown by the characterization analysis of the pyrolysis liquid made from mixed plastics. The results provided practical solutions for effectively using waste materials, especially fish, agricultural, and plastic wastes, to enhance the substance and quality of products.

Graphical abstract