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<p>Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable bioplastics capable of replacing petroleum-based polymers. Their production from organic substrates in industrial wastewater offers a sustainable approach to mitigating plastic pollution while supporting circular bioeconomy strategies. Despite growing interest, the literature on wastewater-to-PHA bioconversion remains fragmented, with inconsistencies in bioreactor configurations, microbial enrichment strategies, and performance metrics that hinder scalability and cross-study comparability. This systematic review synthesizes recent advances in PHA production using aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors fed with wastewater-derived substrates, emphasizing microbial enrichment techniques and operational strategies such as aerobic dynamic feeding and feast-famine regimes. A comprehensive search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering studies published between 1999 and 2025 with emphasis on works from 2008 onward. Findings reveal diverse bioreactor designs and microbial systems capable of converting volatile fatty acids into PHAs, with process performance depending on nutrient availability, microbial selection, and reactor design. Among configurations reviewed, sequencing batch reactors operated under feast-famine regimes with mixed microbial cultures demonstrated the strongest potential for scalable production, achieving 30 to 60 percent of cell dry weight (CDW) accumulation. Recent pilot-scale studies using membrane bioreactors further confirm that PHA production can be integrated with wastewater treatment while maintaining effluent quality standards. Future research should prioritize process scalability, techno-economic assessment, and standardized metrics to enable reliable sustainability evaluations within circular bioeconomy frameworks.</p>

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Bioplastics from wastewater: a systematic review on polyhydroxyalkanoate production in bioreactors within a circular bioeconomy framework

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Rolando Calero,
  • Juan Carlos Muyulema-Allaica,
  • Erika Salavarría

摘要

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable bioplastics capable of replacing petroleum-based polymers. Their production from organic substrates in industrial wastewater offers a sustainable approach to mitigating plastic pollution while supporting circular bioeconomy strategies. Despite growing interest, the literature on wastewater-to-PHA bioconversion remains fragmented, with inconsistencies in bioreactor configurations, microbial enrichment strategies, and performance metrics that hinder scalability and cross-study comparability. This systematic review synthesizes recent advances in PHA production using aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors fed with wastewater-derived substrates, emphasizing microbial enrichment techniques and operational strategies such as aerobic dynamic feeding and feast-famine regimes. A comprehensive search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering studies published between 1999 and 2025 with emphasis on works from 2008 onward. Findings reveal diverse bioreactor designs and microbial systems capable of converting volatile fatty acids into PHAs, with process performance depending on nutrient availability, microbial selection, and reactor design. Among configurations reviewed, sequencing batch reactors operated under feast-famine regimes with mixed microbial cultures demonstrated the strongest potential for scalable production, achieving 30 to 60 percent of cell dry weight (CDW) accumulation. Recent pilot-scale studies using membrane bioreactors further confirm that PHA production can be integrated with wastewater treatment while maintaining effluent quality standards. Future research should prioritize process scalability, techno-economic assessment, and standardized metrics to enable reliable sustainability evaluations within circular bioeconomy frameworks.