<p>Bacterial cellulose (BC), an exopolysaccharide, is known for its unique physicochemical properties, including high purity, tensile strength, and biocompatibility. These features have sparked growing interest in its use as a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymers in agriculture and the food industry. This review highlights the cellulose biosynthetic machinery, sustainable BC production from agro-industrial waste, and advancements in bioreactor design for scaling up production, aiming to reduce costs and improve yield. The review also explores the emerging applications of BC in food packaging, where it serves as a biodegradable, edible, antimicrobial film and as a carrier matrix for probiotics, ensuring viability during storage and gastrointestinal transit. In agriculture, BC has shown promise in controlled-release systems and as a soil moisture-retention aid. Analysis of recent studies indicates that the use of low-priced feedstocks and process optimization are key factors for improving the economic viability of BC production. Regardless of its potential, challenges such as high production cost, scalability issues continue to limit commercialization. Future research should focus on developing cost-effective production strategies, green purification methods, and multifunctional BC composites to enhance their applicability across different sectors. An overview of current research gaps is also provided to guide future development. Bacterial cellulose represents a versatile, eco-friendly material with wide-ranging applications, and thus, continued research is encouraged to fully explore its agricultural and industrial potential and support global sustainability efforts.</p>