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<p>This study investigates the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from rice husks, utilizing high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and ultrasonic techniques to reduce cellulose particle size before CMC synthesis. HPH was applied at three pressure levels (400, 700, and 1000 bars) over 3 cycles, while ultrasonic treatment was conducted at three amplitude levels (20%, 40%, and 60%) for 30&#xa0;min. HPH at 400 bars achieved the smallest cellulose particle size (57.68 ± 0.58&#xa0;µm). CMC derived from rice husk cellulose exhibited yields ranging from 100.98% to 138.46%, purity values between 78.41% and 92.26%, and degrees of substitution (DS) between 0.367 and 0.586. The highest CMC yield (138.46 ± 3.81%) was achieved through ultrasonic treatment at 40% amplitude. SEM analysis showed a slightly rough surface texture in the synthesized CMC, while commercial CMC displayed a more uniform surface. Elemental analysis via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) identified carbon, oxygen, and sodium as the primary elements in the synthesized CMC. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of characteristic CMC functional groups. Therefore, rice husk can serve as a viable source for CMC production through HPH or ultrasonic treatments. This approach offers a sustainable valorization of rice husks, with potential applications in the future food industry.</p>

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Impact of high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonic techniques on production and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from lignocellulosic rice husks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Namfon Samsalee,
  • Jitrawadee Meerasri,
  • Rungsinee Sothornvit

摘要

This study investigates the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from rice husks, utilizing high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and ultrasonic techniques to reduce cellulose particle size before CMC synthesis. HPH was applied at three pressure levels (400, 700, and 1000 bars) over 3 cycles, while ultrasonic treatment was conducted at three amplitude levels (20%, 40%, and 60%) for 30 min. HPH at 400 bars achieved the smallest cellulose particle size (57.68 ± 0.58 µm). CMC derived from rice husk cellulose exhibited yields ranging from 100.98% to 138.46%, purity values between 78.41% and 92.26%, and degrees of substitution (DS) between 0.367 and 0.586. The highest CMC yield (138.46 ± 3.81%) was achieved through ultrasonic treatment at 40% amplitude. SEM analysis showed a slightly rough surface texture in the synthesized CMC, while commercial CMC displayed a more uniform surface. Elemental analysis via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) identified carbon, oxygen, and sodium as the primary elements in the synthesized CMC. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of characteristic CMC functional groups. Therefore, rice husk can serve as a viable source for CMC production through HPH or ultrasonic treatments. This approach offers a sustainable valorization of rice husks, with potential applications in the future food industry.