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<p>This study aims to explore the innovative use of a non-pathogenic bacterium, <i>Streptococcus spp.</i>, isolated from camel smen for the extracellular biosynthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles (AgClNPs) and evaluate their biological activities. Biosynthesized AgClNPs exhibit a maximum absorbance at 369&#xa0;nm within the UV-Vis range. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the nanoparticles have a cubic structure, with a crystallinity of 43.49% and an average crystallite size of 17.94&#xa0;nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion analysis (FE-SEM) shows a spherical structure with an average particle size of 5.29&#xa0;nm. Energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the elemental composition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identifies the bioactive functions associated with AgClNPs. A surface charge of -34.8 mV and an average hydrodynamic diameter of 381.1&#xa0;nm were also measured. AgClNPs biosynthesized demonstrated a total antioxidant capacity of 131.12 ± 0.15&#xa0;µg AAE/mg at a concentration of 100&#xa0;µg/mL; 27.93&#xa0;µg/mL of AgClNPs reduced 50% the initial DPPH concentration. The biosynthesized AgClNPs exerted bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties on the studied strains <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> ATCC6633, <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> ATCC9314, and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> ATCC6017 at concentrations ranging from 15.62 to 125&#xa0;µg/mL. AgClNPs, at an MIC concentration, were able to eradicate more than 50% of mature biofilms formed by the studied strains. These results highlight the potential of <i>Streptococcus spp.</i> in the biosynthesis of AgClNPs, thus reinforcing the ability of this technique to offer an innovative, inexpensive, reliable and eco-friendly alternative. In addition, these nanoparticles can be effective alternatives and considered as a solution to the problems of biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria in many fields, including medicine, food and agriculture where they could be used as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents.</p>

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Extracellular biosynthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles by Streptococcus Spp. isolated from Algerian camel smen: antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm potentials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Siham Khenfer,
  • M’hamed Bouricha,
  • Said Mosbah,
  • Roukia Hammoudi,
  • Oussama Bacha,
  • Ouidad Baka,
  • Salah Eddine Laouini,
  • Hakim Belkhalfa

摘要

This study aims to explore the innovative use of a non-pathogenic bacterium, Streptococcus spp., isolated from camel smen for the extracellular biosynthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles (AgClNPs) and evaluate their biological activities. Biosynthesized AgClNPs exhibit a maximum absorbance at 369 nm within the UV-Vis range. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the nanoparticles have a cubic structure, with a crystallinity of 43.49% and an average crystallite size of 17.94 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion analysis (FE-SEM) shows a spherical structure with an average particle size of 5.29 nm. Energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirms the elemental composition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identifies the bioactive functions associated with AgClNPs. A surface charge of -34.8 mV and an average hydrodynamic diameter of 381.1 nm were also measured. AgClNPs biosynthesized demonstrated a total antioxidant capacity of 131.12 ± 0.15 µg AAE/mg at a concentration of 100 µg/mL; 27.93 µg/mL of AgClNPs reduced 50% the initial DPPH concentration. The biosynthesized AgClNPs exerted bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties on the studied strains Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Micrococcus luteus ATCC9314, and Salmonella enterica ATCC6017 at concentrations ranging from 15.62 to 125 µg/mL. AgClNPs, at an MIC concentration, were able to eradicate more than 50% of mature biofilms formed by the studied strains. These results highlight the potential of Streptococcus spp. in the biosynthesis of AgClNPs, thus reinforcing the ability of this technique to offer an innovative, inexpensive, reliable and eco-friendly alternative. In addition, these nanoparticles can be effective alternatives and considered as a solution to the problems of biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria in many fields, including medicine, food and agriculture where they could be used as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents.