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<p>This study compares the yield and characteristics of cellulose-rich fibre extracted from waste banana pseudostem through three distinct methods:&#xa0;mechanical extraction, anaerobic digestion (retting), and bio-augmentation with a xylanolytic and pectinolytic <i>Bacillus</i> strains. Mechanical extraction produced the highest fibre yield of 37.6% (on wet w/w basis), with ~ 44.2% cellulose content, but generated substantial residual biomass and was power intensive (6–8 kWh/100 kg). Anaerobic retting produced lower fibre yield (26.1%) with moderate cellulose content (49.4%), but required longer processing time (17 to 20 days) and with high water consumption (40–45&#xa0;L/kg). Meanwhile, bio-augmentation was more attractive, yielding 30.5% fibre with highest cellulose content (58.8%), within a short recovery (8–10 days), at a lower power (4 kWh/100 kg) and water consumption (20–25&#xa0;L/kg). SEM and contact-angle analyses confirmed improved surface properties and hydrophilicity of the bio-augmented fibres. Aligned with biorefinery principles, this work demonstrates that bio-augmentation enhances the selective biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass while minimising resource inputs and environmental burden. The high-purity cellulose fibres obtained through this process represent a valuable intermediate for downstream biorefinery pathways, including nanocellulose, bio-composites, and other high-value materials, thereby supporting sustainable biomass valorisation within circular bioeconomy frameworks.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced recovery of cellulose-rich fibre from waste banana pseudo-stem: comparative analysis of bio-augmentation, mechanical and anaerobic retting techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • R. S. Dipin Nath,
  • A. S. Veena,
  • A. Athira,
  • Akshay D. Shende,
  • B. Krishnakumar

摘要

This study compares the yield and characteristics of cellulose-rich fibre extracted from waste banana pseudostem through three distinct methods: mechanical extraction, anaerobic digestion (retting), and bio-augmentation with a xylanolytic and pectinolytic Bacillus strains. Mechanical extraction produced the highest fibre yield of 37.6% (on wet w/w basis), with ~ 44.2% cellulose content, but generated substantial residual biomass and was power intensive (6–8 kWh/100 kg). Anaerobic retting produced lower fibre yield (26.1%) with moderate cellulose content (49.4%), but required longer processing time (17 to 20 days) and with high water consumption (40–45 L/kg). Meanwhile, bio-augmentation was more attractive, yielding 30.5% fibre with highest cellulose content (58.8%), within a short recovery (8–10 days), at a lower power (4 kWh/100 kg) and water consumption (20–25 L/kg). SEM and contact-angle analyses confirmed improved surface properties and hydrophilicity of the bio-augmented fibres. Aligned with biorefinery principles, this work demonstrates that bio-augmentation enhances the selective biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass while minimising resource inputs and environmental burden. The high-purity cellulose fibres obtained through this process represent a valuable intermediate for downstream biorefinery pathways, including nanocellulose, bio-composites, and other high-value materials, thereby supporting sustainable biomass valorisation within circular bioeconomy frameworks.

Graphical Abstract