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<p>Due to the heterogeneous nature of lignin, its depolymerization into value-added chemicals is challenging, leading to a broad product spectrum and low yields of desired products. In this study, we explore the synergistic effects of noble metal catalysts and chloride salt-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) for the direct depolymerization of lignin into aromatic compounds. The combination of Ru/C and CuCl<sub>2</sub>-based DES achieved the highest yields of aromatic monomer compounds, including 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, and methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionate. The impact of reaction conditions on lignin depolymerization efficiency was also investigated. The highest conversion rate of 73.85%, 21.04% and 17.26% for 4-propyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenol, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate and methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionate, respectively, were obtained under the optimized reaction system with 0.5&#xa0;g catalyst, under the conditions of 2 MPa H<sub>2</sub> and 150&#xa0;°C for 3&#xa0;h. A noble metal catalyst recovery rate of 94% was achieved after four cycles, with a remaining conversion efficiency of 63.1%. The mechanism for the direct depolymerization of lignin to 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol in this study was also proposed.</p>

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Direct lignin depolymerization to aromatic compounds by the combination of noble metal catalyst and chloride salt-based deep eutectic solvent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Xiaoyan Chen,
  • Jianping Lu,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Wei Qi

摘要

Due to the heterogeneous nature of lignin, its depolymerization into value-added chemicals is challenging, leading to a broad product spectrum and low yields of desired products. In this study, we explore the synergistic effects of noble metal catalysts and chloride salt-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) for the direct depolymerization of lignin into aromatic compounds. The combination of Ru/C and CuCl2-based DES achieved the highest yields of aromatic monomer compounds, including 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, and methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionate. The impact of reaction conditions on lignin depolymerization efficiency was also investigated. The highest conversion rate of 73.85%, 21.04% and 17.26% for 4-propyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenol, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate and methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionate, respectively, were obtained under the optimized reaction system with 0.5 g catalyst, under the conditions of 2 MPa H2 and 150 °C for 3 h. A noble metal catalyst recovery rate of 94% was achieved after four cycles, with a remaining conversion efficiency of 63.1%. The mechanism for the direct depolymerization of lignin to 4-propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol in this study was also proposed.