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<p>The escalating energy crisis and environmental pollution from untreated livestock waste in rural areas urgently demand sustainable, decentralized energy solutions. This study hypothesizes that optimizing affordable salt-bridge dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (DC-MFCs) with a biowaste slurry of cow dung, pig dung, and pond water can harness abundant community waste to generate reliable electricity, addressing rural energy access and waste management gaps. Bacterial growth in various slurry ratios (cow dung: pig dung: pond water) was assessed using optical density at 600&#xa0;nm, identifying the 1:2:0.5 volume ratio as optimal for microbial activity and electricity generation. An artificial neural network (ANN) model optimized salt bridge parameters (length, diameter, agar concentration, KCl molarity), validated experimentally in a novel MFC design. Among 500 combinations, a salt bridge with 5&#xa0;cm length, 45&#xa0;mm diameter, 4% agar, and 2.5&#xa0;M KCl achieved a predicted power density of 502 mW/m³, experimentally validated at 540 mW/m³, with high ANN accuracy (R² = 0.87, RMSE = 20.6 mW/m³, p-value = 0.52). Analysis revealed that KCl concentration had the greatest impact on power density (100%), followed by diameter (91%), length (76%), and agar concentration (70%). The optimized DC-MFC, using a cost-effective salt bridge and biowaste slurry, delivers 540 mW/m³, enabling low-power rural applications. It achieves 85% COD removal, reducing water pollution, and replaces costly proton exchange membranes, lowering setup costs. This advancement promotes sustainable bioelectricity and biowaste treatment, enhancing energy access and environmental health in rural communities.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimizing salt bridge parameters in dual chambered microbial fuel cells with cow and pig dung slurry as substrate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Sandeep Kumar,
  • Binanda Khungur Narzary,
  • Bablu Kumar,
  • Pronab Mudoi,
  • Kamal Uddin Ahamad

摘要

The escalating energy crisis and environmental pollution from untreated livestock waste in rural areas urgently demand sustainable, decentralized energy solutions. This study hypothesizes that optimizing affordable salt-bridge dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (DC-MFCs) with a biowaste slurry of cow dung, pig dung, and pond water can harness abundant community waste to generate reliable electricity, addressing rural energy access and waste management gaps. Bacterial growth in various slurry ratios (cow dung: pig dung: pond water) was assessed using optical density at 600 nm, identifying the 1:2:0.5 volume ratio as optimal for microbial activity and electricity generation. An artificial neural network (ANN) model optimized salt bridge parameters (length, diameter, agar concentration, KCl molarity), validated experimentally in a novel MFC design. Among 500 combinations, a salt bridge with 5 cm length, 45 mm diameter, 4% agar, and 2.5 M KCl achieved a predicted power density of 502 mW/m³, experimentally validated at 540 mW/m³, with high ANN accuracy (R² = 0.87, RMSE = 20.6 mW/m³, p-value = 0.52). Analysis revealed that KCl concentration had the greatest impact on power density (100%), followed by diameter (91%), length (76%), and agar concentration (70%). The optimized DC-MFC, using a cost-effective salt bridge and biowaste slurry, delivers 540 mW/m³, enabling low-power rural applications. It achieves 85% COD removal, reducing water pollution, and replaces costly proton exchange membranes, lowering setup costs. This advancement promotes sustainable bioelectricity and biowaste treatment, enhancing energy access and environmental health in rural communities.

Graphical Abstract