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<p>The present study created a novel biocomposite of chitosan and acid-modified lignocellulosic biomass derived from pumpkin (<i>Cucurbita moschata</i>) peel for the efficient removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. The physicochemical characteristics of chitosan-based composite (hereinafter, CTN/PP-HN) were examined using techniques including pH<sub>pzc</sub>, XRD, CHNO, FTIR, BET, and FESEM-EDX. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) numerical desirability function was employed to optimize the main adsorption factors of CTN/PP-HN dosage (0.01–0.09&#xa0;g), pH (4–10), and duration (10–40). A desire function technique was used to identify the ideal circumstances for MB dye removal (85.88%), which included an adsorbent dose of 0.067&#xa0;g, a solution pH of 9.5, and a contact duration of 39.7&#xa0;min. The CTN/PP-HN composite exhibits a mean pore diameter of 21.57&#xa0;nm, a total pore volume of 0.0304 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, and a specific surface area of 5.637 m<sup>2</sup>/g, confirming its mesoporous nature. The adsorption kinetics were defined by a pseudo-first-order, whilst equilibrium adsorption was described through the Freundlich model. For MB dye, CTN/PP-HN’s maximum adsorption capacity (<i>q</i><sub><i>max</i></sub>) was found to be 225.37&#xa0;mg/g. Electrostatic forces, Yoshida H-bonding, n-π stacking, and H-bonding are some of the mechanisms that enable MB dye to be adsorbed onto the CTN/PP-HN surface. The work presents a highly efficient CTN/PP-HN composite as a potential adsorbent for effectively eliminating organic dye from water-based solutions.</p>

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A novel biocomposite of chitosan and acid-modified lignocellulosic biomass derived from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) peel for the efficient removal of methylene blue dye

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Ahmed Saud Abdulhameed,
  • Samaa Abdullah,
  • Abeer A. Altamimi,
  • Mahmoud Abualhaija,
  • Sameer Algburi

摘要

The present study created a novel biocomposite of chitosan and acid-modified lignocellulosic biomass derived from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) peel for the efficient removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. The physicochemical characteristics of chitosan-based composite (hereinafter, CTN/PP-HN) were examined using techniques including pHpzc, XRD, CHNO, FTIR, BET, and FESEM-EDX. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) numerical desirability function was employed to optimize the main adsorption factors of CTN/PP-HN dosage (0.01–0.09 g), pH (4–10), and duration (10–40). A desire function technique was used to identify the ideal circumstances for MB dye removal (85.88%), which included an adsorbent dose of 0.067 g, a solution pH of 9.5, and a contact duration of 39.7 min. The CTN/PP-HN composite exhibits a mean pore diameter of 21.57 nm, a total pore volume of 0.0304 cm3/g, and a specific surface area of 5.637 m2/g, confirming its mesoporous nature. The adsorption kinetics were defined by a pseudo-first-order, whilst equilibrium adsorption was described through the Freundlich model. For MB dye, CTN/PP-HN’s maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) was found to be 225.37 mg/g. Electrostatic forces, Yoshida H-bonding, n-π stacking, and H-bonding are some of the mechanisms that enable MB dye to be adsorbed onto the CTN/PP-HN surface. The work presents a highly efficient CTN/PP-HN composite as a potential adsorbent for effectively eliminating organic dye from water-based solutions.