Fluoride sequestration from water onto Pinus Roxburghii activated carbon: “A central composite design-based parametric elucidation.”
摘要
A large portion of the global population is susceptible to drinking water tainted with fluoride. However, eliminating fluoride remains a problem, particularly in isolated rural areas, as existing methods necessitate careful supervision and are equally ineffective because of the energy crisis and economic issues. Adsorption techniques are shown to be the most effective for removing fluoride in low-resource setting areas. This study prepared activated carbon from Pinus Roxburghii cones via pyrolysis at 650 °C and KOH activation at 800 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) microanalysis were conducted to scrutinize activated carbon’s surface structure and surface-bound functional groups. The response surface methodology was developed with a central composite design; CCD suggested 30 experimental runs conducted using a batch study. The four influencing parameters, such as contact time (10–70 min), the dosage of adsorbent (0.2–10 gL− 1), initial fluoride concentration (5–25 mgL− 1), and pH (4–10), were considered. Additionally, the Freundlich isotherm was also investigated. The results showed that Pinus Roxburghii had a fluoride removal efficiency of 98.97% at an optimum adsorbent dosage of 5.1 gL− 1, initial fluoride concentration of 14 mgL− 1, and pH of 6.5, with 30 min of contact time. Therefore, Pinus Roxburghii cones activated carbon is a potentially effective adsorbent for fluoride eradication from water. It is applicable in adsorption-based water treatment plants under optimized conditions to demonstrate its feasibility for large-scale application.