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<p>Life cycle assessments (LCA) of food waste (FW) recycling through industrial anaerobic processes, pyrolysis, and integrated waste treatment systems have been extensively reported. Among these processes, carbonization has emerged as a technique for converting moist FW into biochar (BC), primarily for soil remediation and climate change mitigation. The carbonization technology operates at a maximum temperature of 300&#xa0;°C with a reaction time of 30&#xa0;min. This study evaluates the environmental performance of BC production through the carbonization of FW in Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia, using LCA methodology. A life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) showed that this process would absorb 6.85&#xa0;kg of CO<sub>2</sub>eq per ton of BC produced, contributing to decarbonization and reducing the global warming potential (GWP). Regarding CO<sub>2</sub> emissions associated with BC production, CO<sub>2</sub>eq from syngas and wood fires were identified as the major contributors. In contrast, terrestrial ecotoxicity (TEC) and human non-carcinogenic toxicity (HNCT) were the most dominant effects, with values of 745.1&#xa0;kg 1,4-DCB and 680.7&#xa0;kg 1,4-DCB. The impact of this process on TEC is related to wood combustion and the presence of phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) and potassium oxide (K₂O) in the final product. Non-carcinogenic toxic effects in humans are due to the zinc (Zn) content of BC products. Offsetting the emissions associated with FW carbonization has the potential to protect the environment, as demonstrated by the functional impacts of the GWP (90%), FEC (55%), and HNCT (10%). Treating FW using a carbonation approach has shown environmental benefits for climate change mitigation and economic benefits in marketable BC.</p>

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Food waste-based carbonization for biochar production in West Java Province, Indonesia: life cycle assessment approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Ira Nurhayati Djarot,
  • Nuha Nuha,
  • Ari Kabul Paminto,
  • Ishenny Mohd Noor,
  • Netty Widyastuti,
  • Arief Ameir Rahman Setiawan,
  • Agusta Samodra Putra,
  • Titin Handayani,
  • Sri Peni Wijayanti

摘要

Life cycle assessments (LCA) of food waste (FW) recycling through industrial anaerobic processes, pyrolysis, and integrated waste treatment systems have been extensively reported. Among these processes, carbonization has emerged as a technique for converting moist FW into biochar (BC), primarily for soil remediation and climate change mitigation. The carbonization technology operates at a maximum temperature of 300 °C with a reaction time of 30 min. This study evaluates the environmental performance of BC production through the carbonization of FW in Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia, using LCA methodology. A life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) showed that this process would absorb 6.85 kg of CO2eq per ton of BC produced, contributing to decarbonization and reducing the global warming potential (GWP). Regarding CO2 emissions associated with BC production, CO2eq from syngas and wood fires were identified as the major contributors. In contrast, terrestrial ecotoxicity (TEC) and human non-carcinogenic toxicity (HNCT) were the most dominant effects, with values of 745.1 kg 1,4-DCB and 680.7 kg 1,4-DCB. The impact of this process on TEC is related to wood combustion and the presence of phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) and potassium oxide (K₂O) in the final product. Non-carcinogenic toxic effects in humans are due to the zinc (Zn) content of BC products. Offsetting the emissions associated with FW carbonization has the potential to protect the environment, as demonstrated by the functional impacts of the GWP (90%), FEC (55%), and HNCT (10%). Treating FW using a carbonation approach has shown environmental benefits for climate change mitigation and economic benefits in marketable BC.