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<p>Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) plays a diverse role in the soil ecosystem, including stimulation of microbial activities and the fate of nutrients and toxic metals (TMs) in soil. This study employed optical analysis techniques to characterize the fluorescent properties of BDOM released from sheep bone-biochar (SB) and compared it with biochars from rice husk (RB; plant-based) and rabbit manure (MB; manure-based) pyrolyzed at 400&#xa0;°C (low pyrolysis temperature, LPT) and 700&#xa0;°C (high pyrolysis temperature, HPT).&#xa0;The results showed that pyrolytic temperature and feedstock type had a strong influence on BDOM content and composition. Overall, LPT generates large BDOM contents compared with the biochar prepared at HPT. Rice husk (RB; 1438.5&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>) and rabbit manure (MB, 729.7&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>) biochars produced higher BDOM contents compared to sheep bone biochar (SB; 495.2&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>) pyrolyzed at 400&#xa0;°C. Additionally, bone-derived biochar revealed greater fluorescence (3.42), freshness (1.57), and biological (1.98) indices versus plant- and manure-derived biochar. The specific ultraviolet spectroscopy (SUVA254 and SUVA260) indicated the highest aromaticity and hydrophobicity for SB400 (5.92 and 5.44 L mg⁻<sup>1</sup>&#xa0;m⁻<sup>1</sup>), which remained high even at HPT (SB700; 4.91 and 4.24 L mg <sup>1</sup>&#xa0;m <sup>1</sup>). Parallel Factor Analysis component analysis revealed higher humic acid-like (84%), fulvic acid-like (74%), microbial by-products (27%), and aromatic protein-like (53%) components with bone-derived BDOM compared with plant and manure. Higher fluorescence intensity revealed the presence of higher concentrations of degradable, fresh, bioavailable, and humic recalcitrant substances in BDOM. This represents the first comparison report on the fluorescent properties of BDOM derived from bone-, plant-, and manure-based biochars. The optical analysis techniques provided valuable insights into BDOM characteristics.</p>

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Fluorescent characteristics of biochar dissolved organic matter (BDOM) release from bone-biochar: A comparison with plant-, and manure-based biochars at different pyrolysis temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Muhammad Azeem,
  • Jun Ma,
  • Zhoujie Yao,
  • Zhe Wang,
  • Ruixia Han,
  • Zuozhen Dong,
  • Nazia Rafiq,
  • Muhammad Akmal,
  • Hui Li,
  • Gang Li

摘要

Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) plays a diverse role in the soil ecosystem, including stimulation of microbial activities and the fate of nutrients and toxic metals (TMs) in soil. This study employed optical analysis techniques to characterize the fluorescent properties of BDOM released from sheep bone-biochar (SB) and compared it with biochars from rice husk (RB; plant-based) and rabbit manure (MB; manure-based) pyrolyzed at 400 °C (low pyrolysis temperature, LPT) and 700 °C (high pyrolysis temperature, HPT). The results showed that pyrolytic temperature and feedstock type had a strong influence on BDOM content and composition. Overall, LPT generates large BDOM contents compared with the biochar prepared at HPT. Rice husk (RB; 1438.5 mg kg−1) and rabbit manure (MB, 729.7 mg kg−1) biochars produced higher BDOM contents compared to sheep bone biochar (SB; 495.2 mg kg−1) pyrolyzed at 400 °C. Additionally, bone-derived biochar revealed greater fluorescence (3.42), freshness (1.57), and biological (1.98) indices versus plant- and manure-derived biochar. The specific ultraviolet spectroscopy (SUVA254 and SUVA260) indicated the highest aromaticity and hydrophobicity for SB400 (5.92 and 5.44 L mg⁻1 m⁻1), which remained high even at HPT (SB700; 4.91 and 4.24 L mg 1 m 1). Parallel Factor Analysis component analysis revealed higher humic acid-like (84%), fulvic acid-like (74%), microbial by-products (27%), and aromatic protein-like (53%) components with bone-derived BDOM compared with plant and manure. Higher fluorescence intensity revealed the presence of higher concentrations of degradable, fresh, bioavailable, and humic recalcitrant substances in BDOM. This represents the first comparison report on the fluorescent properties of BDOM derived from bone-, plant-, and manure-based biochars. The optical analysis techniques provided valuable insights into BDOM characteristics.