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<p>This work focuses on developing biolubricants from <i>Pongamia pinnata</i> oil (PPO) and <i>Calophyllum inophyllum</i> oil (CIO) blends through a double-stage chemical alteration technique involving transesterification and epoxidation. The appropriate 50:50 blend ratio was selected based on tribological properties. The chemically modified oils, transesterified epoxidized <i>Pongamia pinnata</i> oil (TEPPO) and transesterified epoxidized <i>Calophyllum inophyllum</i> oil (TECIO), were blended. The physicochemical, rheological, tribological, and oxidative stability properties were evaluated for pure, blended, and modified oils and compared to a commercial cutting fluid. The transesterified and epoxidized blend of PPO and CIO (TEPPCIO) exhibited better tribological properties with a 46.5% drop in coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the commercial fluid. Its chemical properties were slightly higher but acceptable. Despite low viscosity, TEPPCIO demonstrated enhanced oxidative stability attributed to the epoxy rings and ester groups introduced during modification. The flash temperature parameter (FTP), total energy consumption (TE), and thermal conductivity values showed better thermal characteristics for the TEPPCIO sample when comparing it with the commercial servocut sample. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scrutiny established the successful transesterification and epoxidation of the oil blend. Overall, the PPO and CIO blend showed promising potential as an environmentally friendly cutting fluid with optimized properties through chemical modification and blending.</p>

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Valorization of Pongamia pinnata and Calophyllum inophyllum oils for sustainable biolubricant applications through chemical modification and blending

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月16日

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  • Elil Raja D,
  • Prathap Singh S,
  • Praveen Barmavatu,
  • Prasanth M A,
  • Anandu A P,
  • Ashwin Prabhu G,
  • Rani S,
  • Keerthan S,
  • Mahesh S

摘要

This work focuses on developing biolubricants from Pongamia pinnata oil (PPO) and Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CIO) blends through a double-stage chemical alteration technique involving transesterification and epoxidation. The appropriate 50:50 blend ratio was selected based on tribological properties. The chemically modified oils, transesterified epoxidized Pongamia pinnata oil (TEPPO) and transesterified epoxidized Calophyllum inophyllum oil (TECIO), were blended. The physicochemical, rheological, tribological, and oxidative stability properties were evaluated for pure, blended, and modified oils and compared to a commercial cutting fluid. The transesterified and epoxidized blend of PPO and CIO (TEPPCIO) exhibited better tribological properties with a 46.5% drop in coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the commercial fluid. Its chemical properties were slightly higher but acceptable. Despite low viscosity, TEPPCIO demonstrated enhanced oxidative stability attributed to the epoxy rings and ester groups introduced during modification. The flash temperature parameter (FTP), total energy consumption (TE), and thermal conductivity values showed better thermal characteristics for the TEPPCIO sample when comparing it with the commercial servocut sample. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scrutiny established the successful transesterification and epoxidation of the oil blend. Overall, the PPO and CIO blend showed promising potential as an environmentally friendly cutting fluid with optimized properties through chemical modification and blending.