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<p>Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses severe environmental and public health risks, necessitating effective and sustainable remediation strategies. This study investigates the potential of sunflower stem-derived biochar, functionalized with nickel oxide (NiO) and cobalt oxide (CoO) nanoparticles, as an advanced sorbent for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The biochar was synthesized via pyrolysis at 300&#xa0;°C, and it was then modified through dispersion of two metal oxide nanoparticles individually using an ultrasound-assisted method, enhancing its surface functionality and structural integrity. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy fitted with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), confirmed the formation of highly porous, mesoporous structures with well-dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles. Sorption experiments demonstrated optimal Cd(II) removal under pH 6.0, contact time 120&#xa0;min, and a sorbent dose of 4.0&#xa0;g/L, yielding maximum sorption capacities of 5.7, 11.0, and 16.3&#xa0;mg/g for blank biochar, NiO-doped biochar, and CoO-doped biochar, respectively. Sorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, the Langmuir isotherm model, and spontaneous exothermic removal as detected via thermodynamic analysis. Notably, CoO-doped biochar retained 89.8% efficiency over five regeneration cycles, highlighting its recyclability and potential for long-term application. Compared to previously reported sorbents, the developed metal oxide-doped biochars exhibited superior selectivity, stability, and regeneration capacity, making them promising candidates for scalable industrial wastewater treatment. This study contributes to advancing biochar-based sorbents as cost-effective, environmentally sustainable solutions for heavy metal remediation.</p>

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Efficient removal of cadmium ions from wastewater using metal oxide-doped sunflower stem-generated biochar: sorption mechanism and performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月25日

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  • Walaa S. Gado,
  • Asmaa S. Morshedy,
  • Entsar,
  • H. Taha,
  • Adel A. El-Zahhar,
  • Majed M. Alghamdi,
  • Ahmed M. A. El Naggar,
  • Esraa M. El-Fawal

摘要

Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses severe environmental and public health risks, necessitating effective and sustainable remediation strategies. This study investigates the potential of sunflower stem-derived biochar, functionalized with nickel oxide (NiO) and cobalt oxide (CoO) nanoparticles, as an advanced sorbent for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The biochar was synthesized via pyrolysis at 300 °C, and it was then modified through dispersion of two metal oxide nanoparticles individually using an ultrasound-assisted method, enhancing its surface functionality and structural integrity. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy fitted with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), confirmed the formation of highly porous, mesoporous structures with well-dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles. Sorption experiments demonstrated optimal Cd(II) removal under pH 6.0, contact time 120 min, and a sorbent dose of 4.0 g/L, yielding maximum sorption capacities of 5.7, 11.0, and 16.3 mg/g for blank biochar, NiO-doped biochar, and CoO-doped biochar, respectively. Sorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, the Langmuir isotherm model, and spontaneous exothermic removal as detected via thermodynamic analysis. Notably, CoO-doped biochar retained 89.8% efficiency over five regeneration cycles, highlighting its recyclability and potential for long-term application. Compared to previously reported sorbents, the developed metal oxide-doped biochars exhibited superior selectivity, stability, and regeneration capacity, making them promising candidates for scalable industrial wastewater treatment. This study contributes to advancing biochar-based sorbents as cost-effective, environmentally sustainable solutions for heavy metal remediation.