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<p>The presence of antibiotics in industrial wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge, threatening ecosystems and public health. This study explores a green and sustainable approach to address this issue by synthesizing gold-embedded zinc oxide nanoparticles using <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> leaf extract (<i>A. retroflexus</i>@Au-embedded ZnO NPs). The eco-friendly phenolic compounds present in the extract acted as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, eliminating the need for conventional chemical reducers. Comprehensive characterization using FT-IR, DLS, XRD, and TEM confirmed the high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles, with an average particle size ranging 45–65 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity in degrading penicillin G under optimized conditions. In addition to their photocatalytic performance, the nanoparticles demonstrated remarkable anticancer activity against human gastric cancer (AGS) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines, enhanced antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and significant antioxidant potential compared to pure ZnO. These findings highlight the multifunctional potential of <i>A. retroflexus</i>@Au-embedded ZnO NPs for applications in environmental remediation and biomedical fields.</p>

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Sustainable synthesis of gold-embedded ZnO nanoparticles from natural extract for environmental and biomedical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月14日

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  • Nidal M. Hussein,
  • Sobhan Mortazavi-Derazkola

摘要

The presence of antibiotics in industrial wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge, threatening ecosystems and public health. This study explores a green and sustainable approach to address this issue by synthesizing gold-embedded zinc oxide nanoparticles using Amaranthus retroflexus leaf extract (A. retroflexus@Au-embedded ZnO NPs). The eco-friendly phenolic compounds present in the extract acted as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, eliminating the need for conventional chemical reducers. Comprehensive characterization using FT-IR, DLS, XRD, and TEM confirmed the high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles, with an average particle size ranging 45–65 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity in degrading penicillin G under optimized conditions. In addition to their photocatalytic performance, the nanoparticles demonstrated remarkable anticancer activity against human gastric cancer (AGS) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines, enhanced antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and significant antioxidant potential compared to pure ZnO. These findings highlight the multifunctional potential of A. retroflexus@Au-embedded ZnO NPs for applications in environmental remediation and biomedical fields.