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<p>The textile industry generates wastewater laden with synthetic dyes like methyl orange (MO), posing significant environmental risks. This study develops a sustainable adsorbent ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-activated banana peel carbon (BPAC) to address this challenge. BPAC was synthesized via ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-assisted pyrolysis, yielding a highly porous structure (BET: 562.53 m<sup>2</sup>/g) with enhanced adsorption capacity. Characterization via XRD, FTIR, TGA, and SEM confirmed its robust thermal stability, functional groups, and microporous morphology. Under optimized conditions (60 °C, 30 min, 0.06 g BPAC, pH 5, 600 RPM), BPAC achieved 97 ± 1% MO removal efficiency, surpassing untreated banana peel carbon by 42%. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9935) and the Langmuir isotherm (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.9987), indicating chemisorption-driven monolayer adsorption. BPAC also demonstrated exceptional reusability, retaining &gt; 89% efficiency after seven cycles. This work advances sustainable wastewater treatment by transforming agricultural waste into a high-performance adsorbent, emphasizing three novel contributions: a low-energy synthesis route for ZnCl<sub>2</sub>-activated biochar, record MO removal efficiency for banana peel-derived adsorbents, and scalability through cost-effective regeneration. By directly addressing dye pollution with eco-friendly materials, BPAC offers a practical, industrially viable alternative to conventional adsorbents, aligning wastewater management with circular economy principles.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of banana peel into activated carbon for efficient and sustainable dye removal in textile industry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月11日

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  • Jamna Prasad Gujar,
  • Manish Kumar Gautam,
  • Bharat Modhera

摘要

The textile industry generates wastewater laden with synthetic dyes like methyl orange (MO), posing significant environmental risks. This study develops a sustainable adsorbent ZnCl2-activated banana peel carbon (BPAC) to address this challenge. BPAC was synthesized via ZnCl2-assisted pyrolysis, yielding a highly porous structure (BET: 562.53 m2/g) with enhanced adsorption capacity. Characterization via XRD, FTIR, TGA, and SEM confirmed its robust thermal stability, functional groups, and microporous morphology. Under optimized conditions (60 °C, 30 min, 0.06 g BPAC, pH 5, 600 RPM), BPAC achieved 97 ± 1% MO removal efficiency, surpassing untreated banana peel carbon by 42%. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.9935) and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9987), indicating chemisorption-driven monolayer adsorption. BPAC also demonstrated exceptional reusability, retaining > 89% efficiency after seven cycles. This work advances sustainable wastewater treatment by transforming agricultural waste into a high-performance adsorbent, emphasizing three novel contributions: a low-energy synthesis route for ZnCl2-activated biochar, record MO removal efficiency for banana peel-derived adsorbents, and scalability through cost-effective regeneration. By directly addressing dye pollution with eco-friendly materials, BPAC offers a practical, industrially viable alternative to conventional adsorbents, aligning wastewater management with circular economy principles.

Graphical abstract