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<p>The present study focused on the valorization of biomass wastes like agricultural residues and animal manure to create a nutrient-enriched biochar aimed at minimizing arsenic pollution, improving soil fertility, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers, and maximizing crop yields. In this process, composted/matured dairy manure was utilized to enhance the nutrient content of rice straw–based biochar (RSB), resulting in the development of a novel material dairy manure–enriched biochar (DMB). Biochars were porous, highly stable, and rich in functional groups. Parameter optimization revealed maximum arsenic (III) removal of 80.4 ± 0.1% for DMB and 83.8 ± 0.1% for RSB and maximum arsenic (V) removal of 83.3 ± 0.1% for DMB and 80.7 ± 0.1% for RSB. Both physisorption and chemisorption participated in arsenic removal. DMB and RSB were amended to arsenic-contaminated soils (dosage of 0, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%) and incubated for 3&#xa0;months. Among different properties of soil, there was a decrease in bulk density (9.5–17.4%), and increase in porosity (8–15%), water holding capacity (14.3–42.9%), cation exchange capacity (20.6–25.2%), anion exchange capacity (142–327%), soil respiration (23.1–30.8%), total nutrients, and available nutrients. Biochar also decreased leachable (39–49%), bioavailable (39–46%), and mobile fractions (19–51%) of As. Pot experiments revealed improved plant growth and decreased arsenic accumulated by plants. In summary, the study demonstrated that biochar amendment enhances soil physicochemical properties, promotes plant growth, and reduces arsenic contamination in both soil and plants. By valorizing biomass wastes such as dairy manure and rice straw to produce DMB, the research highlights a strategy that supports sustainable agriculture and advances a circular economy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of biomass wastes into dairy manure–enriched biochar: Application for soil quality amelioration and arsenic remediation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月4日

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  • Abhishek Kumar,
  • Tanushree Bhattacharya,
  • Wasim Akram Shaikh,
  • Arpita Roy,
  • Mu. Naushad,
  • Jayanta Kumar Biswas

摘要

The present study focused on the valorization of biomass wastes like agricultural residues and animal manure to create a nutrient-enriched biochar aimed at minimizing arsenic pollution, improving soil fertility, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers, and maximizing crop yields. In this process, composted/matured dairy manure was utilized to enhance the nutrient content of rice straw–based biochar (RSB), resulting in the development of a novel material dairy manure–enriched biochar (DMB). Biochars were porous, highly stable, and rich in functional groups. Parameter optimization revealed maximum arsenic (III) removal of 80.4 ± 0.1% for DMB and 83.8 ± 0.1% for RSB and maximum arsenic (V) removal of 83.3 ± 0.1% for DMB and 80.7 ± 0.1% for RSB. Both physisorption and chemisorption participated in arsenic removal. DMB and RSB were amended to arsenic-contaminated soils (dosage of 0, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%) and incubated for 3 months. Among different properties of soil, there was a decrease in bulk density (9.5–17.4%), and increase in porosity (8–15%), water holding capacity (14.3–42.9%), cation exchange capacity (20.6–25.2%), anion exchange capacity (142–327%), soil respiration (23.1–30.8%), total nutrients, and available nutrients. Biochar also decreased leachable (39–49%), bioavailable (39–46%), and mobile fractions (19–51%) of As. Pot experiments revealed improved plant growth and decreased arsenic accumulated by plants. In summary, the study demonstrated that biochar amendment enhances soil physicochemical properties, promotes plant growth, and reduces arsenic contamination in both soil and plants. By valorizing biomass wastes such as dairy manure and rice straw to produce DMB, the research highlights a strategy that supports sustainable agriculture and advances a circular economy.

Graphical Abstract