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<p>Nickel ferrite (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized via green synthesis method by using <i>Erythrina variegata</i> leaf extract as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. XRD analysis demonstrated a spinel cubic crystal structure with an Fd-3m space group. The agglomerated irregular particles of prepared NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were investigated by FE-SEM images. HRTEM images depict cubic-shaped agglomerated morphology with an average particle size of 25&#xa0;nm. The synthesized NPs exhibited a band gap energy of 1.67&#xa0;eV, indicating visible light absorption and charge carrier separation. The stretching vibrational modes responsible for Ni–O and Fe–O bands are investigated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. According to the EDX and XPS analysis, all main elements such as Ni, Fe, and O were present in the prepared NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs. The photocatalytic performance of NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs was evaluated for malachite green (MG) dye degradation under visible light irradiation. The results have demonstrated a remarkable degradation efficiency of approximately 91% within 105&#xa0;min at pH 9, with O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup> identified as the primary reactive species. The various parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, and dye concentration are investigated to optimize the photocatalytic process. The findings highlight the significance of NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs as a capable photocatalyst for environmental remediation, especially in wastewater treatment applications. This study offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable route for the production of efficient photocatalysts.</p>

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Green synthesis of nickel ferrite nanoparticles using Erythrina variegata for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye under visible light irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月4日

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  • R. Kavitha,
  • K. Krishna Veni,
  • Diah Susanti,
  • Suresh Sagadevan,
  • L. C. Nehru

摘要

Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized via green synthesis method by using Erythrina variegata leaf extract as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. XRD analysis demonstrated a spinel cubic crystal structure with an Fd-3m space group. The agglomerated irregular particles of prepared NiFe2O4 NPs were investigated by FE-SEM images. HRTEM images depict cubic-shaped agglomerated morphology with an average particle size of 25 nm. The synthesized NPs exhibited a band gap energy of 1.67 eV, indicating visible light absorption and charge carrier separation. The stretching vibrational modes responsible for Ni–O and Fe–O bands are investigated by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. According to the EDX and XPS analysis, all main elements such as Ni, Fe, and O were present in the prepared NiFe2O4 NPs. The photocatalytic performance of NiFe2O4 NPs was evaluated for malachite green (MG) dye degradation under visible light irradiation. The results have demonstrated a remarkable degradation efficiency of approximately 91% within 105 min at pH 9, with O2•− identified as the primary reactive species. The various parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, and dye concentration are investigated to optimize the photocatalytic process. The findings highlight the significance of NiFe2O4 NPs as a capable photocatalyst for environmental remediation, especially in wastewater treatment applications. This study offers an environmentally friendly and sustainable route for the production of efficient photocatalysts.