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<p>This investigation examined the valorization potential of coffee husk through thermochemical conversion, with a focus on its decomposition kinetics, co-product recovery, and operational challenges. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined using iso-conversional model-free methods (Flyn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-AkahiraSunose, Starink, and Freidman). For a conversion fraction of 0.2–0.7, the average apparent activation energy varied from 182 to 290.28&#xa0;kJ/mol and a higher value toward 0.7 can be attributed to the formation of the activated complex and the beginning of lignin decomposition. The thermodynamic parameters such as change in entropy, Gibbs free energy, and enthalpy varied from 51.72&#xa0;J/mol to 238.82&#xa0;J/mol, 148&#xa0;kJ/mol to 145.87&#xa0;kJ/mol, and 178.29 to 285.13&#xa0;kJ/mol, respectively. The application of analytical fast pyrolysis employing pyrolysis–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at temperatures of 400&#xa0;°C and 600&#xa0;°C unveiled a range of important volatile compounds. Notably, caffeine was detected at a concentration of 12.01% at 400&#xa0;°C, indicating its potential for simultaneous chemical extraction and fuel generation processes. The analysis of coffee husk ash composition, utilizing the alkali index, bed agglomeration index, and base-to-acid ratio, demonstrated its propensity for agglomeration when utilised as a feedstock in bubbling fluidized bed gasification.</p>

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Thermochemical conversion of coffee husk: a study on thermo-kinetic analysis, volatile composition and ash behavior

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月26日

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  • Suraj P,
  • Arun P,
  • C. Muraleedharan

摘要

This investigation examined the valorization potential of coffee husk through thermochemical conversion, with a focus on its decomposition kinetics, co-product recovery, and operational challenges. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined using iso-conversional model-free methods (Flyn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-AkahiraSunose, Starink, and Freidman). For a conversion fraction of 0.2–0.7, the average apparent activation energy varied from 182 to 290.28 kJ/mol and a higher value toward 0.7 can be attributed to the formation of the activated complex and the beginning of lignin decomposition. The thermodynamic parameters such as change in entropy, Gibbs free energy, and enthalpy varied from 51.72 J/mol to 238.82 J/mol, 148 kJ/mol to 145.87 kJ/mol, and 178.29 to 285.13 kJ/mol, respectively. The application of analytical fast pyrolysis employing pyrolysis–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at temperatures of 400 °C and 600 °C unveiled a range of important volatile compounds. Notably, caffeine was detected at a concentration of 12.01% at 400 °C, indicating its potential for simultaneous chemical extraction and fuel generation processes. The analysis of coffee husk ash composition, utilizing the alkali index, bed agglomeration index, and base-to-acid ratio, demonstrated its propensity for agglomeration when utilised as a feedstock in bubbling fluidized bed gasification.