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<p>Approximately 75% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions stem from the use of fossil fuels, underscoring the imperative for an energy transition toward renewable energy sources to achieve carbon neutrality. Biomass, a promising renewable source, could mitigate around 10% of global GHG emissions. The anticipated rapid expansion in biomass demand necessitates the development of alternative feedstocks beyond existing forest residues. Short rotation coppice (SRC) energy crops, such as <i>Calliandra calothyrsus</i> (<i>C. calothyrsus</i>), have demonstrated significantly higher productivity, often exceeding fivefold that of conventional woody biomass. This study begins by outlining the general characteristics of energy crops, with a specific focus on <i>C. calothyrsus</i> as a promising tropical short rotation coppice (SRC) species. Subsequently, the properties of <i>C. calothyrsus</i>-derived biochars, pyrolyzed at 350 – 500&#xa0;°C, are evaluated for their potential as a coal substitute in the steelmaking process. The calorific value and elemental carbon content of <i>C. calothyrsus</i> biochars are 27 – 30&#xa0;MJ/kg and 75 – 87 wt%, respectively, which are comparable to those of coking coal, rendering them a viable partial substitute for coal in steelmaking applications. However, the high content of potassium and calcium, coupled with a relatively low fixed carbon content, suggests that <i>C. calothyrsus</i> biochar is likely suitable only as a partial replacement for coal, with substitution rates limited to less than 20%. Indonesian energy forests, including <i>C. calothyrsus</i>, possess the potential to supply up to 52 million MT/yr of biomass. This substantial biomass production capacity could effectively meet the raw material demands of energy-intensive industries, including steelmaking.</p>

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Properties of Indonesian short rotation coppice (Calliandra calothyrsus) biochar as a coal substitute in the steelmaking process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月22日

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  • Bangun Adi Wijaya,
  • Wahyu Hidayat,
  • Melya Riniarti,
  • Bagus Saputra,
  • Irma Thya Rani,
  • Sangdo Kim,
  • Hokyung Choi,
  • Donghyuk Chun,
  • Hyuk Im,
  • Soohyun Kim,
  • Jeonghwan Lim,
  • Jiho Yoo,
  • Byung Bae Park

摘要

Approximately 75% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions stem from the use of fossil fuels, underscoring the imperative for an energy transition toward renewable energy sources to achieve carbon neutrality. Biomass, a promising renewable source, could mitigate around 10% of global GHG emissions. The anticipated rapid expansion in biomass demand necessitates the development of alternative feedstocks beyond existing forest residues. Short rotation coppice (SRC) energy crops, such as Calliandra calothyrsus (C. calothyrsus), have demonstrated significantly higher productivity, often exceeding fivefold that of conventional woody biomass. This study begins by outlining the general characteristics of energy crops, with a specific focus on C. calothyrsus as a promising tropical short rotation coppice (SRC) species. Subsequently, the properties of C. calothyrsus-derived biochars, pyrolyzed at 350 – 500 °C, are evaluated for their potential as a coal substitute in the steelmaking process. The calorific value and elemental carbon content of C. calothyrsus biochars are 27 – 30 MJ/kg and 75 – 87 wt%, respectively, which are comparable to those of coking coal, rendering them a viable partial substitute for coal in steelmaking applications. However, the high content of potassium and calcium, coupled with a relatively low fixed carbon content, suggests that C. calothyrsus biochar is likely suitable only as a partial replacement for coal, with substitution rates limited to less than 20%. Indonesian energy forests, including C. calothyrsus, possess the potential to supply up to 52 million MT/yr of biomass. This substantial biomass production capacity could effectively meet the raw material demands of energy-intensive industries, including steelmaking.