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<p>Most of the chicken feathers consist of keratin, a recalcitrant protein. Due to its recalcitrant nature, the feather waste valorization was limited. In this study, an attempt has been made to transform the recalcitrant chicken feather waste into gaseous biofuel, biogas. The recalcitrant nature of the chicken feather restricts the action of hydrolytic enzymes for biogas generation. It can be enhanced by the phase transformation of biomass from solid to the aqueous phase by employing enzyme-secreting bacterial strains that can solubilize the chicken feather. The present research explores the utilization of the keratin waste–degrading bacteria <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> FZB42 to improve the hydrolysis potential of chicken feathers. Bacterial pretreatment of chicken feathers results in a soluble organic release of 700&#xa0;mg/L at 96&#xa0;h reaction time and the protease activity of the inoculated strain was found to be 0.3 U/mL. As a result of proteolytic activity, 213&#xa0;mg/L of protein was solubilized from the chicken feather. Further, after bacterial pretreatment, the biogas yield was 76&#xa0;mL/gCOD greater than the control (10&#xa0;mL/gCOD) sample. However, the implication of the present study is limited due to the unappreciable action of enzymes and thereby ineffective towards the full-scale application.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Biogas production from chicken feathers via pretreatment with keratinolytic protease secreting bacteria

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月19日

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  • Palaniyandi Ravanan,
  • Kalyan Kumar Gurrala,
  • Preethi M.,
  • Chitrali Laha Roy,
  • Thejal Ann Liz,
  • Subramaniyan Divya,
  • Meganathan Kannan,
  • J. Rajesh Banu

摘要

Most of the chicken feathers consist of keratin, a recalcitrant protein. Due to its recalcitrant nature, the feather waste valorization was limited. In this study, an attempt has been made to transform the recalcitrant chicken feather waste into gaseous biofuel, biogas. The recalcitrant nature of the chicken feather restricts the action of hydrolytic enzymes for biogas generation. It can be enhanced by the phase transformation of biomass from solid to the aqueous phase by employing enzyme-secreting bacterial strains that can solubilize the chicken feather. The present research explores the utilization of the keratin waste–degrading bacteria Bacillus velezensis FZB42 to improve the hydrolysis potential of chicken feathers. Bacterial pretreatment of chicken feathers results in a soluble organic release of 700 mg/L at 96 h reaction time and the protease activity of the inoculated strain was found to be 0.3 U/mL. As a result of proteolytic activity, 213 mg/L of protein was solubilized from the chicken feather. Further, after bacterial pretreatment, the biogas yield was 76 mL/gCOD greater than the control (10 mL/gCOD) sample. However, the implication of the present study is limited due to the unappreciable action of enzymes and thereby ineffective towards the full-scale application.

Graphical Abstract