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<p>This study aimed to assess the potential of olive press cake (OPC) as an alternative casing material for white button mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) cultivation. Five casing layer formulations, combining peat (P) and OPC at weight ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 (w/w), were evaluated alongside a peat-only control. The impact of these formulations on mushroom yield, nutrient composition, macro- and microelement concentrations, as well as lignocellulosic and chemical changes in the casing materials, was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. Mushroom yields across treatments ranged from 217.7&#xa0;g/kg (P1:OPC1) to 334.2&#xa0;g/kg (P3:OPC1), with the P2:OPC1, P3:OPC1, and P4:OPC1 formulations achieving significantly higher yields compared to the control treatment (238.8&#xa0;g/kg). Mushrooms cultivated using the P1:OPC1 formulation exhibited higher protein (up to 29.33%), ash (13.57%), and crude fat (2.44%) contents, compared to reduced total carbohydrate levels, compared to other treatments. Macroelement analysis revealed notable increases in potassium (up to 7.18&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g dry weight) and phosphorus (1.83&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g) in mushrooms grown on the P1:OPC1 formulation. Additionally, microelement concentrations, including copper (15.65&#xa0;mg/kg), zinc (44.70&#xa0;mg/kg), and manganese (15.65&#xa0;mg/kg), were significantly enriched in mushrooms from the P1:OPC1 treatment. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed extensive degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the casing materials, driven by fungal enzymatic activity. These results suggest that OPC-enriched casing formulations not only enhance mushroom yield and nutritional composition but also improve macro- and microelement contents, underscoring their potential as a sustainable alternative to peat in mushroom cultivation.</p>

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Valorization of olive press cake as a sustainable alternative to peat in white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月10日

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  • Mehmet Cetin,
  • Funda Atila,
  • Erkan Eren

摘要

This study aimed to assess the potential of olive press cake (OPC) as an alternative casing material for white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation. Five casing layer formulations, combining peat (P) and OPC at weight ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 (w/w), were evaluated alongside a peat-only control. The impact of these formulations on mushroom yield, nutrient composition, macro- and microelement concentrations, as well as lignocellulosic and chemical changes in the casing materials, was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. Mushroom yields across treatments ranged from 217.7 g/kg (P1:OPC1) to 334.2 g/kg (P3:OPC1), with the P2:OPC1, P3:OPC1, and P4:OPC1 formulations achieving significantly higher yields compared to the control treatment (238.8 g/kg). Mushrooms cultivated using the P1:OPC1 formulation exhibited higher protein (up to 29.33%), ash (13.57%), and crude fat (2.44%) contents, compared to reduced total carbohydrate levels, compared to other treatments. Macroelement analysis revealed notable increases in potassium (up to 7.18 g/100 g dry weight) and phosphorus (1.83 g/100 g) in mushrooms grown on the P1:OPC1 formulation. Additionally, microelement concentrations, including copper (15.65 mg/kg), zinc (44.70 mg/kg), and manganese (15.65 mg/kg), were significantly enriched in mushrooms from the P1:OPC1 treatment. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed extensive degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the casing materials, driven by fungal enzymatic activity. These results suggest that OPC-enriched casing formulations not only enhance mushroom yield and nutritional composition but also improve macro- and microelement contents, underscoring their potential as a sustainable alternative to peat in mushroom cultivation.