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<p>The aim of this work was to determine the optimal conditions for the adsorption/desorption of reactive dyes using a modified <i>Carpobrotus edulis</i> (<i>C. edulis</i>) plant. The adsorption of crystal violet (CV, cationic dye) was studied in both the batch system and the column system. The scanning electron microscope showed that the treated biomass had a homogeneous structure with deep pores. Fourier transform infrared identified several functional groups, particularly C-O, NH<sub>2</sub>, C-H, and -OH, which facilitate dye retention on the adsorbent biomass. The acidic and alkaline treatment allows a reduction in soluble organic matter, characterized by a reduction in chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand by more than 75% and 80%, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium processes on the bioadsorbents were predicted by a pseudo-second order kinetic model and a Langmuir model, respectively. The maximum adsorption amount of HCl-modified <i>C. edulis</i> (HMCE) against CV was 135.1&#xa0;mg/g and 166.6&#xa0;mg/g for NaOH-modified <i>C. edulis</i> (NMCE) under the optimal conditions: biomass ratio of 5&#xa0;g/L, contact time of 60&#xa0;min, pH = 6 at 308&#xa0;K, and the process was endothermic. Furthermore, the production costs of the adsorbents are relatively low, and desorption studies showed promising regeneration potential of these bioadsorbents. Therefore, to investigate the applicability and effectiveness of biomass for dye removal on an industrial scale, the dynamic system in a continuous column was studied. Experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of crystal violet, rhodamine B, and Congo red in the dynamic system is reasonably close to the efficiency achieved in the batch system. Lentil seed germination test demonstrated the performance of <i>C. edulis</i> biomass and its effectiveness in removing dyes from wastewater.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Remediation of hazardous dyes on low-cost biosorbent: batch and dynamic adsorption, phytotoxicity assessment, and application of industrial wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Abdelkader Dabagh,
  • Mohamed EL-Habacha,
  • Abdallah Assouani,
  • Guellaa Mahmoudy,
  • Abdeljalil Ait Ichou,
  • Ridouan Benhiti,
  • Fouad Sinan,
  • Mohamed Zerbet

摘要

The aim of this work was to determine the optimal conditions for the adsorption/desorption of reactive dyes using a modified Carpobrotus edulis (C. edulis) plant. The adsorption of crystal violet (CV, cationic dye) was studied in both the batch system and the column system. The scanning electron microscope showed that the treated biomass had a homogeneous structure with deep pores. Fourier transform infrared identified several functional groups, particularly C-O, NH2, C-H, and -OH, which facilitate dye retention on the adsorbent biomass. The acidic and alkaline treatment allows a reduction in soluble organic matter, characterized by a reduction in chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand by more than 75% and 80%, respectively. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium processes on the bioadsorbents were predicted by a pseudo-second order kinetic model and a Langmuir model, respectively. The maximum adsorption amount of HCl-modified C. edulis (HMCE) against CV was 135.1 mg/g and 166.6 mg/g for NaOH-modified C. edulis (NMCE) under the optimal conditions: biomass ratio of 5 g/L, contact time of 60 min, pH = 6 at 308 K, and the process was endothermic. Furthermore, the production costs of the adsorbents are relatively low, and desorption studies showed promising regeneration potential of these bioadsorbents. Therefore, to investigate the applicability and effectiveness of biomass for dye removal on an industrial scale, the dynamic system in a continuous column was studied. Experimental results showed that the removal efficiency of crystal violet, rhodamine B, and Congo red in the dynamic system is reasonably close to the efficiency achieved in the batch system. Lentil seed germination test demonstrated the performance of C. edulis biomass and its effectiveness in removing dyes from wastewater.

Graphical Abstract