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<p>This study presents the development and analysis of Himalayan nettle fiber and granite rock dust reinforced vinyl ester composites, focusing on their wear, thermal degradation (TGA), and flame-retardant properties. Vinyl ester resin, combined with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) as a catalyst, cobalt naphthenate as an accelerator, and dimethylaniline (DMA) as a promoter, was used to create composites. The raw materials, including Himalayan nettle fibers and granite rock dust, were used and the composites are prepared using the hand layup method, ensuring uniform dispersion and minimal air bubbles. According to the results, specimen VN2, containing 3 vol.% granite rock dust and 40 vol.% of nettle fiber, exhibited superior mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 145&#xa0;MPa and flexural strength of 160&#xa0;MPa. These values represent significant improvements compared to the pure resin (V). However, specimen VN3, with 5 vol.% of granite rock dust, demonstrated the best performance in wear, flammability, and TGA analysis. Since the larger filler amount enhanced the surface hardness, it had the lowest specific wear rate (0.012 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm) and coefficient of friction (0.26). Furthermore, composite VN3 produced a moderate flame rate of 5.84&#xa0;mm/min with a V-0 rating. Because of the granite particles’ insulating qualities, VN3 showed the best thermal stability in TGA, with a breakdown temperature of 384&#xa0;°C. SEM analysis revealed the microstructural effects of fiber and filler additions, showing uniform filler dispersion in composites like VN1, which enhances stress distribution and mechanical performance. However, higher filler content can lead to agglomeration, as seen in VN3, potentially affecting homogeneity. Finally, this study offers a novel approach to composite design by using a unique combination of natural fibers and mineral fillers, highlighting their potential for various industrial applications such as automotives, drones, lightweight sports goods, and construction sector.</p>

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Development of vinyl-based composite building material using Himalayan nettle fiber and granite rock dusk natural ceramic: mechanical, dry sliding wear, thermal degradation (TGA), and flame retardation properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月15日

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  • D. Jayabalakrishnan,
  • Senthil Kumar S,
  • Bhaskar K,
  • Suthan R

摘要

This study presents the development and analysis of Himalayan nettle fiber and granite rock dust reinforced vinyl ester composites, focusing on their wear, thermal degradation (TGA), and flame-retardant properties. Vinyl ester resin, combined with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) as a catalyst, cobalt naphthenate as an accelerator, and dimethylaniline (DMA) as a promoter, was used to create composites. The raw materials, including Himalayan nettle fibers and granite rock dust, were used and the composites are prepared using the hand layup method, ensuring uniform dispersion and minimal air bubbles. According to the results, specimen VN2, containing 3 vol.% granite rock dust and 40 vol.% of nettle fiber, exhibited superior mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 145 MPa and flexural strength of 160 MPa. These values represent significant improvements compared to the pure resin (V). However, specimen VN3, with 5 vol.% of granite rock dust, demonstrated the best performance in wear, flammability, and TGA analysis. Since the larger filler amount enhanced the surface hardness, it had the lowest specific wear rate (0.012 mm3/Nm) and coefficient of friction (0.26). Furthermore, composite VN3 produced a moderate flame rate of 5.84 mm/min with a V-0 rating. Because of the granite particles’ insulating qualities, VN3 showed the best thermal stability in TGA, with a breakdown temperature of 384 °C. SEM analysis revealed the microstructural effects of fiber and filler additions, showing uniform filler dispersion in composites like VN1, which enhances stress distribution and mechanical performance. However, higher filler content can lead to agglomeration, as seen in VN3, potentially affecting homogeneity. Finally, this study offers a novel approach to composite design by using a unique combination of natural fibers and mineral fillers, highlighting their potential for various industrial applications such as automotives, drones, lightweight sports goods, and construction sector.