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<p>5-(Chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) and levulinic acid (LA) were produced from marine biomass-derived carrageenan (κ and ι) and chitin. CMF was produced in HCl (aq., 35%)-1,2-dichloroethane biphasic reaction within a batch-type glass pressure reactor, whereas LA was produced in the same setup using aqueous HCl (20%) only. The reactions were optimized on temperature, duration, stirring speed, volume of solvent, and feedstock loading. The isolated yield of CMF reached 37.8% starting from κ-carrageenan (80&#xa0;°C, 2&#xa0;h), whereas chitin afforded a 21.8% yield of CMF&#xa0;(100 °C, 4 h). LA was obtained in a 52.3% yield from κ-carrageenan (120&#xa0;°C, 4&#xa0;h) and 36% from chitin (150&#xa0;°C, 4&#xa0;h). The mixture of CMF and LA was then converted into HMF-levulinate, a prospective fuel oxygenate, in a one-pot process, affording a 77.8% isolated yield.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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One-pot production of 5-(chloromethyl)furfural and levulinic acid from marine carbohydrates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月14日

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  • Prajwal Naik C,
  • Abhishek Kumar Yadav,
  • Diona Avitha Aranha,
  • Saikat Dutta

摘要

5-(Chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) and levulinic acid (LA) were produced from marine biomass-derived carrageenan (κ and ι) and chitin. CMF was produced in HCl (aq., 35%)-1,2-dichloroethane biphasic reaction within a batch-type glass pressure reactor, whereas LA was produced in the same setup using aqueous HCl (20%) only. The reactions were optimized on temperature, duration, stirring speed, volume of solvent, and feedstock loading. The isolated yield of CMF reached 37.8% starting from κ-carrageenan (80 °C, 2 h), whereas chitin afforded a 21.8% yield of CMF (100 °C, 4 h). LA was obtained in a 52.3% yield from κ-carrageenan (120 °C, 4 h) and 36% from chitin (150 °C, 4 h). The mixture of CMF and LA was then converted into HMF-levulinate, a prospective fuel oxygenate, in a one-pot process, affording a 77.8% isolated yield.

Graphical abstract