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<p>In this study, phosphoric acid–activated rice straw biochar (ARSB) and magnetic rice straw biochar (MRSB) were synthesised using rice straw using a simple co-precipitation technique. This study also identified the ideal parameters for the removal&#xa0;of tetracycline&#xa0;(TC) from spiked natural water. Characterization (SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, and zeta potential) techniques were&#xa0;demonstrated that adsorbents were mesoporous with high surface area and pore volume with irregular shape. The study used a statistical design and response surface methodology&#xa0;approach to optimize tetracycline adsorption. The optimal conditions were predicted using a model, i.e., pH 6, TC concentration of 25&#xa0;mg/L, adsorbent dose of 0.83&#xa0;g/L, time 51&#xa0;min., and temperature 28&#xa0;°C for the TC&#xa0;adsorption. The maximum adsorption of TC was found to be 44.40% and 70.20% for MRSB and ARSB under optimized conditions with desirability function one. After five reuse cycles, just 10% reduction was observed. Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggested monolayer adsorption for ARSB and MRSB, with an adsorption capacity of 75.60&#xa0;mg/g and 42.90&#xa0;mg/g, respectively. Pseudo-second-order study&#xa0;suggests chemisorption as the rate-limiting step based on the regression coefficients (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.96 and 0.90 for ARSB and MRSB, respectively. The thermodynamics result confirmed spontaneous, endothermic adsorption. The present study also reveals the adsorbents’ efficacy in natural water and their applicability in industries as cost-effective adsorbents.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Bio-fabrication of acid-treated and magnetic biochar from rice straw for tetracycline removal from water: response surface methodology study, reusability, and modelling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月9日

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  • Barkha Arora,
  • Divya Dhillayan,
  • Sangita Yadav,
  • Suresh Ghotekar,
  • Santanu Mukherjee,
  • Chandra Mohan,
  • Navish Kataria

摘要

In this study, phosphoric acid–activated rice straw biochar (ARSB) and magnetic rice straw biochar (MRSB) were synthesised using rice straw using a simple co-precipitation technique. This study also identified the ideal parameters for the removal of tetracycline (TC) from spiked natural water. Characterization (SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, and zeta potential) techniques were demonstrated that adsorbents were mesoporous with high surface area and pore volume with irregular shape. The study used a statistical design and response surface methodology approach to optimize tetracycline adsorption. The optimal conditions were predicted using a model, i.e., pH 6, TC concentration of 25 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 0.83 g/L, time 51 min., and temperature 28 °C for the TC adsorption. The maximum adsorption of TC was found to be 44.40% and 70.20% for MRSB and ARSB under optimized conditions with desirability function one. After five reuse cycles, just 10% reduction was observed. Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggested monolayer adsorption for ARSB and MRSB, with an adsorption capacity of 75.60 mg/g and 42.90 mg/g, respectively. Pseudo-second-order study suggests chemisorption as the rate-limiting step based on the regression coefficients (R2) of 0.96 and 0.90 for ARSB and MRSB, respectively. The thermodynamics result confirmed spontaneous, endothermic adsorption. The present study also reveals the adsorbents’ efficacy in natural water and their applicability in industries as cost-effective adsorbents.

Graphical abstract